Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Israel.

Shifra Shvarts Ph.D is a professor of the history of medicine ,Ben Gurion University and a researcher in the Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical Center. She published 6 books on the subject of the history and development of Israel health care system She is the author of the Israel HMO’s indexes in the Israeli Medical Encyclopedia and in the Judaica Encyclopedia.