Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, Loyola University, Chicago, IL, USA.

Robert M. Lombardo PhD is an Emeritus Professor in the Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology at Loyola University Chicago. He is also a thirty-year veteran of the Chicago Police Department. He has published over twenty articles in scholarly journals and two books on organized crime in Chicago: The Black Hand: Terror by Letter in Chicago and Organized Crime in Chicago: Beyond the Mafia both published by the University of Illinois Press.