Bindura University of Science Education, Zimbabwe.

Ishmael Mugari holds a Doctorate in Police Science. He is currently a lecturer in the Department of Intelligence and Security Studies at Bindura University of Science Education, Zimbabwe. He teaches undergraduate and postgraduate students in the following areas: criminology, contemporary policing, human rights and policing, commercial crime, criminal intelligence analysis and national security analysis. With his research interests on criminology, police accountability, police strategy and national security issues, Ishmael has published several journal articles in peer reviewed journals. He has also authored book chapters and has presented papers at international conferences. Prior to joining the academic fraternity, Ishmael had served in the police in various capacities, including crime investigations, crime management and as a trainer. His vast hands on experience in the law enforcement environment and as an accomplished academic motivated him to author this essential book.