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Vascular access catheters are classified into two categories: peripheral venous catheters and central venous catheters (CVC). CVCs are classified into several types: CVC for short-term use, CVC for long-term use, implantable CVC, peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC), and CVC for blood purification therapy. Complications attributed to CVCs are associated with either puncture or indwelling of the catheter. Also, caution should be exercised bearing in mind the possibility of catheter-related blood stream infection (CRBSI) as a complication of indwelling catheters. CRBSI does not remain confined to the site of catheterization, but develops into a systemic blood infection, which may lead to a fatal outcome. It may also result in fungal endophthalmitis and loss of vision. (Imprint: Nova Biomedical)