The Regenerative Processes Involving the cAMP Unzipping of DNA: The Synthesis of Proteins Integrating Plasticity and Longevity

$275.00

Alfred Bennun, Ph.D.
Full Professor-Emeritus-Rutgers University Consultant,
CONICET, AR
Rutgers University, NJ, USA

Series: Biochemistry Research Trends
BISAC: SCI049000

This book reviews experimental contributions from many sources to search for a model of structure and molecular function of the blood-astrocytes-neuronal-system. The initial premise involved the dynamics of the hydrated shells of ions and proteins. An oxy-Hb of lower pka compared to deoxy-Hb allows for a higher dissociation of protons. This functioning for the mutual inclusion of O2 and Mg2+ is surrounded by a hydration shell of about 60 molecules. 2,3 DPG-dependent deoxygenation involves the tetramer chains of hydrophobic attractions. Their favorable thermodynamics allows for the dissociation of O2 and Mg2+ by breaking the H-bonds between the protein and the water shell.

The turnover between hydrated versus hydrophobic forms of proteins involved in enzyme kinetics requires energy expenditures during the turnover of [ES], changing the enzyme hydration states into its [EP] form. A divalent metal (Mg++) when chelated by a protein loses its hydration sphere. It then releases its hydration (which is incomplete) and shows an intrinsic stronger charge. This is the denominated Mg2+ nascent, which functions by capturing water from Na+ and K+, allowing for sieve effects operating as intermediates of the physical open system.

The dissipative energy potential is controlled within astrocytes by decreasing the number of H-bonds through rapid circulation. This is made possible by decreasing the number of H-bonds to reach the vapor state associated with air breathing, which could also operate through the vomeronasal organ that experiences direct contact with the brain.

The breakdown of MgATP by the Na+/K+ ATPase of MgATP is involved in the release of ADP3-, and Pi2- and nascent Mg2+ that decrease ATP4-. Mg2+ could be the generator of an action potential via the activation of a Na+/K+ ATPase pump, which opens the gates for Na+ in and K+. The free [Mg2+] up-regulates responsiveness of the post synaptic AC (adenylyl cyclase) NA (noradrenaline) released by the long axons of the corpus coerellus into the synaptic junctions, and also contributes to additional up-regulation by increasing the CAMP. The up-regulation of AC by Mg2+ is turned off by Ca+2. Stressors trigger the Mg2+ response, which results in emotional pain.

The zipping-out of DNA by the CAMP results in an Mg2+-CAMP-DNA complex that up-regulates gene expression for every participant in the synthesis of proteins during development, and eventually the formation of long-term memory occurs. Genes that relate to the synthesis of microtubules may participate in the formation of short-term memory. The regenerative capacity of CAMP could be involved in Alzheimer’s treatment by using the vomeronasal pathway to reach specific brain areas. (Imprint: Nova Biomedical)

 

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Preface

Chapter 1. Methods

Chapter 2. Glycerol technics for modulation of protein state of hydration

Chapter 3. Characterization of the norepinephrine-activation of adenylate cyclase in memory affirmation pathways

Chapter 4. The dynamics of H-bonds on the hydration shells of ions, ATPase and NE-activated adenylyl cyclase on the coupling of energy and signal transduction

Chapter 5. Kosmotropic versus chaotropic tendencies adjust the size of the hydration shells of Na+ and K+ ions for fitting into their gate-dynamical turnover at the Na+-ion-pump

Chapter 6. The H-bonds dissipative thermodynamic potential of cluster water

Chapter 7. The Biological Fundamentals of the Adrenergic System of Brain

Chapter 8. Molecular Details of Ligand Selectivity

Chapter 9. Dynamics of Ligands Exchanges during Hb Deoxygenation

Chapter 10. Enzyme-Membrane Systems

Chapter 11. The Neuronal-Astrocyte-Capillary Coupled System Role in Adrenergic vs Glutamatergic Neurotransmission

Chapter 12. The Dynamic Regulation of the Brain Barrier Permeability by the Neurovascular Unit (NVU)

Chapter 13. The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Control on the Psychosomatic Metabolic Network

Chapter 14. Responses to Stress and Associated Dysfunctions

Chapter 15. The brain-NA-body-adrenaline axis controls the fight-or-flight response in the hypothalamus signals for a multi-hormonal adaptive response shifting levels of oxytocin, serotonin, etc.

Chapter 16. Insulin Role

Chapter 17. Glymphatic system

Chapter 18. Sleep-awake

Chapter 19. Interrelationship between steroidal hormone pathways

Chapter 20. cAMP-Me2+-DNA complex on gene induction and signaling for coupling the environment stimulus to produce variety and its impact on evolution

Chapter 21. Responses to Stress and Associated Dysfunctions

Chapter 22. Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

Index

 

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