Siti Latifah, PhD – Professor, Forestry Study Program, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Deli Serdang, Indonesia
Seca Gandaseca, PhD – Associate Professor, School of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
Muhdi, PhD – Professor, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara,  Deli Serdang, Indonesia

Series: Plant Science Research and Practices; Conservation Biology and Biodiversity
BISAC: NAT034000; NAT014000; NAT010000
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52305/INYZ2111

Forests play a critical role in the global carbon cycle by storing vast amounts of biomass, which acts as a carbon reservoir, helping to mitigate climate change. Biomass in forests includes all living plant material, such as trees, branches, leaves, and roots, which absorb atmospheric carbon dioxide through photosynthesis and store it as organic carbon. This carbon storage capacity varies among forest types, species composition, and ecological conditions. Accurately measuring forest biomass and carbon stocks is essential to understanding the potential of forests to sequester carbon and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Forest ecosystems provide vital environmental services by maintaining carbon pools in biomass and soil, supporting biodiversity, and producing oxygen. Recent research highlights that different forest types, including mangroves, tropical, and temperate forests, contribute uniquely to carbon sequestration through their biomass dynamics. Effective forest management and conservation strategies rely on robust biomass and carbon data to support climate action frameworks like REDD+ and carbon markets. By valuing and protecting forest carbon stocks, we can advance sustainable forest use and contribute significantly to climate change mitigation and ecosystem health. This publication serves as a comprehensive resource for understanding forest biomass and carbon science, measurement techniques, and their essential role in global environmental sustainability.

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