Systemic, Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Physiological Functions and Their Disorders (Proceedings of I. Beritashvili Center for Experimental Biomedicine – 2021)

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Series: Neuroscience Research Progress
BISAC: MED008000; MED075000
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52305/RWGS9477

The Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine was established in 2010 on the basis of the well-known Ivane Beritashvili Institute of Physiology, the most prominent research center of Georgia, where basic and applied research in different fields of neurophysiology has been conducted since its foundation. Professor Ivane Beritashvili was a famous Georgian scientist who gained international recognition during his lifetime. He was one of the founders and members of the Georgian Academy of Sciences and a member of three academies of sciences of the former Soviet Union. He was an honorary member of the New York Academy of Sciences, the American Society of Electroencephalography, the Royal Society of England, the American Society of Biological Psychiatry, and an honorary member of the International Brain Research Organization. He was an honored scientist of Georgia, a laureate of the State Prize, and a recipient of many orders and medals.

Ivane Beritashvili is remembered in history as a person who founded the Department of Physiology at the newly opened Tbilisi State University. He developed physiological terminology in Georgian, wrote a textbook of physiology in Georgian for the students of the university, raised successful scientists from the first generation of his students, and founded the Georgian School of Physiology. In 1935, he founded the Institute of Physiology in Tbilisi, which soon gained recognition and became well-respected by a wide range of foreign scientists who often visited Georgia.

In 2010, three scientific institutions were merged with the Ivane Beritashvili Institute of Physiology – the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, the Center of Radiobiology and Radiation Ecology and the Center of Experimental Neurology, the first two of which, for many years, were the departments of the Institute of Physiology.

This edited book is the third such compilation containing chapters that represent the research priorities of the Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, which covers the experimental study of fundamental issues in the functioning of physiological (mainly neurophysiological) mechanisms during normal and pathological conditions. The first and second books – “Systemic, Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Physiological Functions and Their Disorders” – published by Nova Science Publishers Inc. in 2015 and 2018, were also devoted to the same general problems.

In the present edited book, particular attention is drawn to the study of extremely important processes underlying the basic mechanisms and disorders of various phenomenon of integrative activity of the brain: general behavior, learning and memory, the sleep-wakefulness cycle, regulation of adequate blood supply, hormesis, epilepsy, depression, sleep disorders, pain and analgesia. All of the mentioned processes are studied on the molecular, cellular and systemic levels of their organization. It has to be noted that each chapter, within the collection of works, represents the results of separate, independent studies implemented by different scientific departments of the center. Therefore, the chapters are not directly related to each other and have been arranged alphabetically based on the surname of the authors.

The authors would like to take this opportunity to present to the reader the scientific and institutional infrastructure of the center, which consists of departments and laboratories. Nowadays the center consists of seven departments: Neurophysiology, Membranology, Biochemistry, Blood Circulation and Metabolism, Neurotoxicology, Membranology, Biophysics and Radiobiology and nine laboratories: Neurobiology of Sleep-Wakefulness Cycle, Vision Physiology, Behavior and Cognitive Functions, Brain Ultra- and Nano-Architectonics, Experimental Neurology, Pain and Analgesia, Structure and Functions of Genomes, Bioinformatics, and the Problems of Radiation Safety. In addition to the bilateral scientific cooperation with famous European and U.S. scientific institutions, the center is a member of the International Science Consortium “From Molecule to Cellular Events in Human Pathologies”, the annual meeting of which was held in Tbilisi in 2015.

The authors are confident that the readers are fully aware of the theoretical and practical importance of the research related to the problems of systemic, cellular and molecular mechanisms of physiological functions and their disorders. The presented collection of works contains the results of relevant research conducted over the last three years (2019-2021).

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Table of Contents

Preface

Chapter 1. Electromagnetic Stimulation Affects Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal Axis to Restore Blood Content in Depressed Rats
(Nato Bukia, Marina Butskhrikidze, Lamara Machavariani, Militsa Svanidze and Natia Jojua – Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia, et al.)

Chapter 2. Radiobiological Aspects of Secondary Metabolism Research
(M. E. Gogebashvili, N. I. Ivanishvili, S. D. Kiparoidze and A. E. Koncelidze – Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia)

Chapter 3. The Problem of Lead 210Pb in the Manifestation of the Effects of Radon Exposure on Living Organisms: A Conceptual Analysis
(H. Grebenchuk, M. Gogebashvili and N. Ivanishvili – Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia)

Chapter 4. Endogenous Opioid and Cannabinoid System Contribute to NSAIDs-Induced Antinociception: I. Anterior Cingulate Cortex
(Gulnaz Gurtskaia, Nana Tsiklauri, Natia Tsagareli, Ivliane Nozadze and Merab G. Tsagareli – Lab of Pain and Analgesia, Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia)

Chapter 5. Dual-Task Coordination in Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
(Ketevan Inasaridze and Vera Bzhalava – Georgian State Teaching University of Physical Education and Sport, Tbilisi, Georgia, et al.)

Chapter 6. Neurophysiological Features of Perception and Processing of Visual Information in Right and Left-Handed People (Age Aspect)
(Irma Khachidze and Tetiana Kachynska – Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia, et al.)

Chapter 7. Biomimetics Made of α-Amino Acids for Biomedical Use
(Darejan Kharadze, Tina Omiadze, Larisa Kirmelashvili and Ramaz Katsarava – Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia, et al.)

Chapter 8. Description of Similar and Non-similar Rheological Properties during So-Called “COVID Toes” and Raynaud’s Phenomenon and Explanation with Mathematical Estimation of Comparison
(M. Mantskava, N. Momtselidze and G. Kuchava – Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia)

Chapter 9. The Main Mechanisms of Cerebral Blood Flow Autoregulation
(Nodar Mitagvaria, Marina Devdariani, Lena Davlianidze, Marina Nebieridaze, Lali Gumberidze, Ia Kvachakidze and Nino Sikharulidze – Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia)

Chapter 10. Sleep Research Achievements in Georgia – Rethinking and Overview of Some Early Significant Facts
(Nargiz Nachkebia – Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia)

Chapter 11. About the Neurophysiological Mechanisms for Anti-Anxiety and Sleepiness-Producing Effects of Some Benzodiazepine Drugs
(Nargiz Nachkebia, Eka Chkhartishvili, Shorena Dzadzamia, Neli Maglakelidze, Olga Mchedlidze, Mariam Babilodze, Eter Chijavadze, Vera Tsomaia, Khatuna Bezhanishvili and Nino Rogava – Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia)

Chapter 12. Neocortical Modulation of Experimental Pain
(Zakaria Nanobashvili, Nodar Mitagvaria, Maia Barbakadze, Irine Bilanishvili and Nadejda Khizanishvili – Department of Neurophysiology, I.Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia, et al.)

Chapter 13. Behavior and Neurochemical Parameters of the Brain Structures in Aggressive and Non-Aggressive Rats as the Predictors of Animal Hierarchical Rank
(Marina Nikolaishvili, Tea Museliani, Khatuna Dondoladze, Giorgi Jikia, Giorgi Iordanishvili and Aleksandre Tarkhnishvili – Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia)

Chapter 14. Space-Time Clustering of Childhood Leukemia in Tbilisi City
(G. Ormotsadze, A. Shengelaia, I. Chkhaidze, A. Zedginidze, T. Sanikidze, M. Giorgobiani, G. Sharashenidze and L. Ormotsadze – Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia, et al.)

Chapter 15. TRPA1 Channel is Involved in Non-Histaminergic Itch-Related Thermal and Mechanical Hyperalgesia
(Merab G. Tsagareli, Ivliane Nozadze, Gulnaz Gurtskaia and Nana Tsiklauri – Lab of Pain and Analgesia, Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia)

Chapter 16. Endogenous Opioid and Cannabinoid Systems Contribute to NSAIDs-Induced Antinociception: II. Agranular Insular Cortex
(Natia Tsagareli, Nana Tsiklauri, Ivliane Nozadze, Gulnaz Gurtskaia, Gulnara Gedevanishvili and Merab G. Tsagareli – Lab of Pain and Analgesia, Ivane Beritashvili Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia)

Chapter 17. Endogenous Opioid and Cannabinoid Systems Contribute to NSAIDs-Induced Antinociception: III. Central Nucleus of Amygdala
(Nana Tsiklauri, Natia Tsagareli, Ivliane Nozadze, Gulnaz Gurtskaia, Marina Nebieridze, Elene Abzianidze and Merab G. Tsagareli – Lab of Pain and analgesia; 2Lab of Brain Metabolism, Ivane Beritashvili Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia)

Index

Reviews

“To start with, I find the scope of the proposed book well balanced. The idea behind the design has been to account for the most recent scientific advances produced by the I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia, which are wide-ranging by nature. The editors managed to cohesively compile a diverse and multi-faceted research compendium skillfully avoiding the threat of material overload. The content reflects progress in fundamental science as well as clinical domains at different physiological scales spanning micro, meso, and macro organization levels (from molecular to systems level). In this context, it is appreciated that experimental work to be published in the book encompasses both animal and human studies (even populations) accounting for behavior and neurophysiological correlates, and including molecular characteristics. The richness of perspectives is self-evident. The selected papers represent novel contributions of particular scientific and/or clinical significance. They are concerned with studies that have a tangible impact, as a representative example, I would like to propose an impressive body of work on sleep that is one of the scientific highlights of the I. Beritashvili Center. Also, the research on the integrative activity and function of the brain deserves special attention. All reported work was supervised and endorsed by well-established researchers, as evidenced by their publication history and bibliometric record. In conclusion, I strongly endorse this publication initiative and expect that the book will find a wide readership in neuroscience and medicine, particularly in the experimental and clinical domains. It also offers a unique opportunity to get familiar with the volume of up-to-date original research output of the prominent research Centre.” Pawel Herman, Associate Professor, Division of Computational Science and Technology KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden

“The third volume of the Proceedings of the Ivan Beritashvili Center for Experimental Biomedicine series stands at the high level of scientific competence and futuristic research as the prior publications. The material to be compounded provides valid information in the fields of Physiology, brain circulation and function, as well as, Biochemistry and behavioral research. Data from leading scientists in these fields is bound to be widely quoted and provide a basis for coming efforts in the understanding of Neurophysiology. I have been cooperating for over 30 years with one of the editors, Professor Nodar Mitagvaria, a recognized scientist in the field of brain blood circulation.” Professor Haim I. Bicher, MD, Director Emeritus, Bicher Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA

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