Table of Contents

ABSTRACT

The construction industry significantly contributes to global CO2 emissions, while inadequate waste disposal practices pose additional environmental challenges. This research study explores the potential of reducing cement usage by incorporating Bentonite Clay (BC) and Coconut Fiber (CF) into concrete. Cement was partially replaced with BC at proportions of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, with additional tests conducted using 2% CF alongside BC. Nine concrete mixtures were prepared with a 1:2:4 mix ratio and a 0.5 water-binder ratio. Results indicated that a 5% replacement of cement with BC optimized concrete properties, enhancing compressive strength by 27%, tensile strength by 22.7%, and density by1.75%. Beyond this threshold, density and workability decreased. The combination of 5% BC and 2% CF further improved tensile strength and density of concrete by 7.45% and 2.69%, respectively, however, reduced compressive strength and workability by 13.4% and 22.2%. Utilizing BC and CF not only reduces reliance on cement but also mitigates CO2 emissions and addresses waste disposal challenges, contributing to more sustainable construction practices. These findings suggest that BC and CF can be effective and promising sustainable solutions and alternatives in concrete production.

Keywords: bentonite clay, coconut fiber, sustainable materials, concrete properties, compressive strength, tensile strength, workability