Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Biosynthesis, Chemical Structures and Applications

$275.00

Harvey Williams, Patricia Kelly (Editors)

Series: Materials Science and Technologies
BISAC: TEC021000

Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Biosynthesis, Chemical Structures and Applications opens with an exposé on employing extremophiles as polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) producers. The authors suggest that extremophiles may be easily subjected to a long-term continuous cultivation processes, which considerably enhances overall productivity while reducing the energy demand in biopolymer production. Conversely, a range of challenges remain, including improving the metabolic capability of extremophiles, recycling of fermentation broth, various process engineering aspects, and adaptation of bioreactor materials and process controlling devices to conditions shortening their life span. Following this, the enzymes, regulators and genes involved in PHA biosynthesis are analyzed for their potential as an alternative to synthetic polymers. They are synthesized as intracellular carbon and energy storage compounds from over 300 species in the presence of excess carbon and under oxygen, nitrogen or phosphorus limitation, or after pH shifts. This collection goes on to suggest PHA as a promising alternative for petrochemical compounds. The challenges of increasing economic feasibility in the global market, minimizing costs, and improving the polymer yield are reviewed. Additionally, recent research on structural variations of PHAs has been centered on the design, biosynthesis, and properties of biodegradable and biocompatible materials, which can be used for bioengineering. This collection also includes a focus on the roles of polyhydroxyesters and PHAs in the construction of tissue engineering scaffolds, which are used in bone, cartilage, ligament, skin, vascular tissues, neural tissues and skeletal muscles. Their exceptional properties, such as high surface-to-volume ratio, high porosity with very small pore size, and biodegradation have made them gain a lot of attention in this field. The biomedical applications of PHAs are explored, including in-vivo implants, tissue engineering, anticancer agents, drug delivery, biocontrol agents and memory enhancers, as their low acidity allows for minimal risk in usage. In order to enhance its applicability in various fields, the blends and nanocomposites of PHAs are studied and their potential challenges, applications and opportunities are addressed. After which, the industrial and agricultural applications are described, with specific focus on potential applications of PHAs in packaging. Other applications include moulded goods, paper coatings, non-woven fabrics, adhesives, films and performance additives. Recent advances in this area, by means of peer-reviewed literature and patents, are introduced and discussed. Moreover, innovative strategies for the synthesis of novel polymer blends, adequate for food contact applications, are presented.

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Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Preface

Chapter 1. Physiological, Kinetic, and Process Engineering Aspects of Polyhydroxyalkanoate Biosynthesis by Extremophiles
(Martin Koller, Stanislav Obruca, Iva Pernicova and Gerhart Braunegg, University of Graz, Office of Research Management and Service, c/o Institute of Chemistry, Graz, Austria, and others)

Chapter 2. Polyhydroxyalkanoates: New Browsing the PHA Biosynthesis Insights in Native and Recombinant Strains
(Veronica S. Giourieva, Rigini M. Papi and Anastasia A. Pantazaki, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece)

Chapter 3. Polyhydroxyalkanoates: A Short Tale from Polymer Synthesis to Future Prospects
(Fabrício C. de Paula, PhD, Carolina B.C. de Paula and Jonas Contiero, PhD, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil, and others)

Chapter 4. Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Chemical Structure
(Eleftherios G. Halevas and Anastasia A. Pantazaki, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece)

Chapter 5. Polyhydroxyesters as Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering
(V.O. Fasiku, S. J. Owonubi, E. Mukwevho, B. A. Aderibigbe, E. R. Sadiku, O. Agboola, Y. Lemmer, W. K. Kupolati, K. Selatile, G. Makgatho, O. A. Adeyeye, C. Nkuna, K. A. Areo I.D. Ibrahim, Department of Biochemistry, North West University, Mmabatho, Mafikeng Campus, South Africa, and others)

Chapter 6. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) as Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering
(E. R. Sadiku, V. O. Fasiku, S. J. Owonubi, E. Mukwevho, B. A. Aderibigbe, Y. Lemmer, B. R. Abbavaram, B. Manjula, C. Nkuna, M. K. Dludlu, O. A. Adeyeye, K. Selatile, G. Makgatho, A. S. Ndamase, P. N. Mabalane, O. Agboola, S. Sanni, K. Varaprasad, J. Tippabattini, W. K. Kupolati, A. O. Adeboje, T. Jamiru, I. D. Ibrahim, O. S. Adekomaya, A. A. Eze, R. Dunne, K. A. Areo, J. Jayaramudu, O. O. Daramola, S. Periyar Selvam, Reshma B. Nambiar, Anand B. Perumal, M. J. Mochane, T. C. Mokhena, Nnamdi Iheaturu, Ihuoma Diwe and Betty Chima, Institute of NanoEngineering Research (INER), Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa and others)

Chapter 7. Blends and Composites of Polyhydroxyalkanoates and Their Applications
S. J. Owonubi, T. C. Mokhena, M. J. Mochane, V. O. Fasiku, B. A. Aderibigbe, E. Mukwevho and E.R. Sadiku, Department of Chemistry, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa, and others)

Chapter 8. Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Biodegradability, Recent and Potential Applications in Packaging
(S. J. Owonubi, M. J. Mochane, T. C. Mokhena, V. O. Fasiku, B. A. Aderibigbe, E. Mukwevho and E.R. Sadiku, Department of Chemistry, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa, and others)

Chapter 9. Polyhydroxyalkanoates: An Ideal Polymeric Material in Food Packaging
(E. G. Halevas, E. G. Andriotis, R. M. Papi and A. A. Pantazaki, Lab. of Biochemistry, Dep. of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece)

Index

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