Preface

Chapter 1. Concept of Ki and Bio-Sensors

Chapter 2. Research on Ki Using Bio-Sensors

Chapter 3. How to Use Cucumber as a Bio-Sensor

Chapter 4. Biophoton and Fluorescence Measurement Methods

Chapter 5. Brief History of Japanese Studies

Final Remarks

“Hideyuki Kokubo has expanded both the domains of science and our understanding of human potential. This book describes how he has used scientific methods to evaluate puzzling and unusual phenomena. Kokubo has given his readers a fascinating adventure story, but one in which he raises as many questions as he answers." - Stanley Krippner, Ph.D., Professor of Psychology, Saybrook University

“Kokubo, a leading parapsychologist in Japan, extensively discusses his innovative and revolutionary method of measuring Ki or qui, a subtle energy regarded as playing a crucial role in health and healing. The book also presents the intriguing results of the author’s research on other areas of parapsychological studies.” - Masayuki Ohkado, Professor, Dr., Chubu University, Japan

“This is an important and exciting account of the author's contributions to the study of the concept of bioenergy. Through this work Hideyuki Kokubo has shown himself to be an influential researcher in this area. In addition to writing about experimental results, and about fascinating historical and conceptual aspects of bioenergy in Japan, he has made important methodological contributions to the study of bioenergy.” - Carlos S. Alvarado, PhD, Research Fellow, Parapsychology Foundation, New York, NY

Journal of Parapsychology - John G. Kruth, Executive Director of the Rhine Research Center and the founder and Education Director of the Rhine Education Center, North Carolina, USA

Journal of Scientific Exploration - Robert S. Borrow, MD, Stonybrook University Hospital, NY USA

Chapter 1

References 1.1.

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References 1.2.

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[24] Lopes, J. F.; Carvalho, S. I. C.; Pessoa, H. B. S. V. Recursos genéticos de melão e pepino na Embrapa Hortaliças. In: Queiroz MA de, Goedert CO, Ramos SRR editors. Recursos genéticos e melhoramento de plantas para o Nordeste brasileiro. Petrolina: EMBRAPA-CPATSA / Brasília: EMBRAPA-CENARGEN, 1999. [In Portuguese]

References 1.3.

[1] Radin, D.; Taft, R.; Yount, G. Possible effects of healing intention on cell cultures and truly random events. Proceedings of 46th Annual Convention of Parapsychological Association, 2003, 162-183.
[2] Yamauchi, M.; Saito, T.; Yamamoto, M.; Hirasawa, M. Attempts to develop an in vitro experimental system for detecting the effect of stimulant emission using cultured human cells. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 1996, 14, 266-277.
[3] Kokubo, H.; Yamamoto, M. Discussion on standard evaluation method of non-contact healing using biophotons -Normality of J value and comparing non-contact healing with thermal/lighting conditions. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 2007, 25, 219-232.
[4] Kokubo, H.; Yamamoto, M. Discussions on characteristic points of healers and ways - Study of non-contact healing using biophotons. Japanese Journal of Parapsychology, 2007, 12, 32-39. [In Japanese with an English abstract][5] Kokubo, H. Biophysical approach to psi phenomena. NeuroQuantology, 2013, 11(1),
8-5.

Chapter 2

References 2.1.

[1] Kokubo, H.; Yamamoto, M. Discussion on standard evaluation method of non-contact healing using biophotons -Normality of J value and comparing non-contact healing with thermal/lighting conditions. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 2007, 25(2), 219-232.
[2] Kokubo, H.; Koyama, S.; Takagi, O. Relationship between biophotons and gases generated from cucumber pieces. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 2010, 28(1), 84-94.
[3] Kokubo, H.; Yamamoto, M. Wave length and photon emission from cucumber - Effects of 70GHz extremely high frequency (EHF) and non-contact healing -. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 2009, 27(1), 78-83.
[4] Hatanaka, T.; Yoshida, H. Repellent conditioning to a magnetic anomaly stimulus in mice. Bulletin of the faculty of Education, Chiba University, 2010, 58, 359-364. [in Japanese with an English abstract]
[5] Lin, S.; Zhu, B.; Liu, H.; Zhang, H.; Li, Y.; Xu, H. Guān yú tèyì értóng gǎnzhī cíjí “fā guāng” de shíyàn (Experiments about psychic children who recognize light of magnetic poles). In Lin S and Liu H editors. Rentiteyixianxiang de Shiyan yu Tansuo (Experiments and Explorations for Psychical Phenomena). Beijing: Zhongguo Guoji Guangbo Chubanzhe, 1997, 77-79. [in Chinese]
[6] Lin, S.; Huang, Y.; Liu, H.; Shen, X.; Zhang, Z.; Dong, Z. Guānyú biànbié yŏngcítiĕ nánbĕi jí de shíyàn jiēguŏ (Result of experiments on N-S poles of the magnet). In Lin S and Liu H editors. Rentiteyixianxiang de Shiyan yu Tansuo (Experiments and Explorations for Psychical Phenomena). Beijing: Zhongguo Guoji Guangbo Chubanzhe, 1997, 80-82. [in Chinese]
[7] Fang, X.; Tian, J.; Liu, Y.; Qin, R.; Jiang, N.; Tan, D.; Lin, S.; Huang, Y.; Zhang, Z. Guānyú biànshì cíxìng zì de shíyàn (Experiment on recognition against magnetic letter). In Lin S and Liu H editors. Rentiteyixianxiang de Shiyan yu Tansuo (Experiments and Explorations for Psychical Phenomena). Beijing: Zhongguo Guoji Guangbo Chubanzhe, 1997, 82-83. [in Chinese][8] Begall, S.; Cerveny, J.; Neef. J.; Vojtech, O.; Burda, H. Magnetic alignment in grazing and resting cattle and deer. PNAS, 2008, 105(36), 13451–13455.
[9] Ruhenstroth-Bauer, G.; Rüther, E.; Reinertshofer, T. Dependence of a sleeping parameter from the N-S or E-W sleeping direction. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C. 1987, 42(9-10), 1140-2.
[10] Ruhenstroth-Bauer, G.; et al. Influence of the Earth’s magnetic field on resting and activated EEG mapping in normal subjects. International Journal of Neuroscience, 1993, 73, 195–201.
[11] Persinger, M. A. Spontaneous telepathic experiences from Phantasms of the Living and low global geomagnetic activity. Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 1981, 81, 23-36.
[12] Persinger, M. A.; Schaut, G. B. Geomagnetic factors in subjective telepathic, precognitive and postmortem experiences. Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 1988, 82, 217-235.
[13] Wilkinson, H. P.; Gauld, A. Geomagnetism and anomalous experiences 1868-1980, Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research, 1993, 57, 275-310.
[14] Persinger, M. A.; Krippner, S. Dream ESP experiments and geomagnetic activity. Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 1989, 83(2), 101-116.
[15] Williams, C.; Roe, C. A.; Upchurch, I.; Lawrence, T. R. Senders and geo magnetism in the ganzfeld. Proceedings of Presented Papers: The Parapsychological Association 37th Annual Convention, 1994, 429–438.
[16] Spottiswoode, S. J. P. Geomagnetic fluctuations and free-response anomalous cognition: A new understanding. Journal of Parapsychology, 1997, 61(1), 3-12.
[17] Stevens, P. The effect of weak magnetic fields on a random event generator: Reconsidering the role of geomagnetic fluctuations in micro PK studies. European Journal of Parapsychology, 2005, 20(2), 135-149.
[18] Engels, S.; Schneider, N. L.; Lefeldt, N.; Hein, C. M.; Zapka, M.; Michalik, A.;
Elbers, D.; Kittel, A.; Hore P. J.; Mouritsen, H. Anthropogenic electromagnetic noise disrupts magnetic compass orientation in a migratory bird. Nature, 2014, 59, 353-356.
[19] Kokubo, H.; Yamamoto, M.; Kawano, K. Magnetic stimuli for pieces of cucumber - Quantitative measurement using biophotons -. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 2008, 26, 213-217.
[20] Kokubo, H.; Yamamoto, M. Discussions on characteristic points of healers and ways - Study of non-contact healing using biophotons -. Japanese Journal of Parapsychology, 2007, 12, 32-39.

References 2.2.

[1] Kokubo, H.; Yamamoto, M. Controlled healing power and ways of non-contact healing. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 2009, 27(1), 90-97.
[2] Kokubo, H.; Yamamoto, M.; Kawano, K. Aging develops a person’s spiritual healing ability for pain - Application of standard evaluation method of non-contact healing using biophotons. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 2007, 25(1), 40-62.
[3] Minami, E.; Usui, T.; Kokubo, H. Relationship between age and healing Power – A study using a bio-sensor for non-contact healing. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 2014, 32(1), 49-55.
[4] Gulmen, F. M. Energy medicine. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 2004, 32(5), 651–658.
[5] Kokubo, H.; Usui, T.; Shimahara, C.; Minami, E.; Shimizu, T.; Takagi, O.; Kawano, K.; Yamamoto, M. Relationships among non-contact healing (bio-PK) ways and response patterns of a bio-sensor - Competition and inhibition among healing ways of the chakra-activating type, DNA-rewriting (language-leading) type, and energy-circulation-improving type -. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 2013, 31(2), 161-181.

References 2.3.

[1] Kokubo, H.; Shimizu, T. Pre and post effects in bio-PK experiments. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 2015, 33(1), 7-24.
[2] Kido, M. Measurements of distant healing effects. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 2002, 20(2), 491-511.
[3] Kido, M. Distant effects research. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 2004, 22(1), 187-197.
[4] Kido, M.; Aiko, J. Biophysical measurements of distant healing by Reiki and Clear Sight Healing. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 2006, 24(1), 145-154.
[5] Sheldrake, R. Telepathy in connection with telephone calls, text messages and emails. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 2014, 32(1), 7-10.

References 2.4.

[1] Uchida, H. A method of detecting aura phenomena. Journal of Psi Science Institute of Japan, 1976, 1(1), 25-31, 1976. [In Japanese with an English abstract].
[2] Kokubo, H. Biophysical approach to psi phenomena. NeuroQuantology, 2013, 11(1), 8-15.
[3] Kokubo, H.; Takagi, O.; Koyama, S.; Yamamoto, M. Spatial distribution of potential of controlled healing power – Exploratory measurement using cucumber as a bio-sensor –. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 2010, 28(2), 236-249.
[4] Kokubo, H. Research senses for parapsychological phenomena: Viewpoint across mind, body and universe. Japanese Journal of Transpersonal Psychology / Psychiatry, 2011, 11(1), 15-27. [In Japanese]
[5] Kokubo, H.; Takagi, O.; Koyama, S.; Yamamoto, M. Discussion of an approximated equation for spatial distribution of controlled healing power around a human body. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 2011, 29(1), 23-46.
[6] Kokubo, H.; Takagi, O.; Koyama, S.; Nemoto, Y. Potential distribution of healing power around a human body – Biophysical approach using gas measurement method. Journal of Mind-Body Science, 2010, 20(1), 43-54. [In Japanese]
[7] http://www.consciencial.org/cd_prat_bio_v2.htm
[8] Hasted, J. The Metal-Benders. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1981.
[9] Kurita, M. Proposal and analysis of a card game to evaluate intellectual resonance (or synchronization) in human groups. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 1997, 15(1), 143-154.
[10] Kurita, M. Analysis of intellectual resonance (or synchronization) (1) Comparison between positive trials and neutral trials. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 1997, 15(2), 375-384.
[11] Kurita, M. Analysis of intellectual resonance (or synchronization) using a card game (2) Comparison among three kinds of trials. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 1998, 16(1), 83-98.
[12] Kurita, M. Analysis of intellectual resonance (or synchronization) using a card game (3) Influence of the repetition of three kinds of trials. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 1998, 16(2), 332-345.
[13] Kurita, M. Analysis of intellectual resonance (or synchronization) using a card game (4) Characterization by various physiological indices. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 1999, 17(1), 170-181.
[14] Kurita, M. Analysis of intellectual resonance (or synchronization) using a card game (5) Influence of spatial distance. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 1999, 17(2), 338-350.
[15] Kurita, M. Analysis of intellectual resonance (or synchronization) using a card game (6) Influence of repitition within two days. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 2000, 18(1), 202-208.
[16] Kurita, M. Analysis of intellectual resonance (or synchronization) using a card game (7) Influence of seating position. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 2000, 18(1), 216-223.
[17] Kurita, M. Analysis of intellectual resonance (or synchronization) using a card game (8) Spatially asymmetrical property of interactions. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 2000, 18(2), 540-545.
[18] Shimizu, K. Shure-dinga-houtei-siki no tokikata osiemasu (How to Calculate the Schrödinger Equation). Tokyo: Kyoritu Shuppan, 1992. [in Japanese][19] Mizuno, S. Phonon bussei nyumon (Physical properties of phonon). Bussei Kenkyu, 2000, 75(3), 328-355. [in Japanese]

References 2.5.

[1] Kataoka, T.; Sugiyama, N.; Matsumoto, M. Effects of qi-gong vital energy on human neutrophils. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 1997, 15, 129-37.
[2] Kataoka, T.; Sugiyama, N.; Matsumoto, M. Effects of qi-gong in relation to the capacity for cancer cell disorder. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 1997, 15, 458-63.
[3] Takeshige, C.; Aoki, T. Effect of artificial and human external qigong on electroencephalograms in rabbit and spontaneous electrical activity of the rat pineal gland. Acupuncture and Electrotherapeutics Research, 1994, 19, 89-106.
[4] Sasaki, S.; Sako, Y.; Kobayashi, T. Characteristics of qi observed in the changes of qi-water conductivity. Journal of Mind-Body Science, 1993, 2(1), 1-7. [in Japanese with an English abstract][5] Grad, B. The biological effects of the “laying on of hands” on animals and plants: Implications for biology. In Schmeidler GR editor. Parapsychology: Its Relation to Physics, Biology, Psychology, and Psychiatry. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1976, 76-89.
[6] Watanabe, M.; Kokubo, H. Study on macro PK with shape memory alloy and super-elastic alloy - The possibility of non-professional scientists -. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 2014, 32(1), 16-32.
[7] Atwater, F. H. Accessing anomalous states of consciousness with a binaural beat technology. Journal of Scientific Exploration, 1997, 11(3), 263-274.
[8] Takagi, O.; Sakamoto, M.; Kokubo, H.; Yoichi, H.; Kawano, K.; Yamamoto, M. Meditator’s non-contact effect on cucumbers. International Journal of Physical Sciences, 2013, 8(15), 647-651.
[9] Takagi, O.; Sakamoto, M.; Yoichi, H.; Kokubo, H.; Kawano, K.; Yamamoto, M. Discovery of an anomalous non-contact effect with a pyramidal structure. International Journal of Sciences, 2015, 4(5), 42-51.

Chapter 3

References 3.6.

[1] Hatanaka, A. Midori no Kaori - Shokubutsu no Idainaru Chie (Green Order - Great Plants). Tokyo: Maruzen, 2005. [in Japanese][2] Palma-Harris, C.; McFeeters, R. F.; Fleming, H. P. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technique for measurement of generation of fresh cucumber flavor compounds. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 4203-4207.
[3] Palma-Harris, C.; McFeeters, R. F.; Fleming, H. P. Fresh cucumber flavor in refrigerated pickles: Comparison of sensory and instrumental analysis. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 4875-4877.
[4] Kokubo, H.; Yamamoto, M. Research on emission mechanisms of biophotons from cucumber. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 2008, 26(1). 53-58.
[5] Kokubo, H.; Koyama, S.; Takagi, O. Relationship between biophotons and gases generated from cucumber pieces. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 2010, 28(1), 84-94.

References 3.7.

[1] Minamide, T.; Nakagawa, K.; Ogata, K. Effect of maturation, cultivation, and various temperatures on the quality and shelf life of cucumber fruits. Journal of Institute of Cold Chain, 1980, 6(2), 52-60. [In Japanese with an English abstract]
[2] Saeki, K.; Kumagai, H. Seasonal variations of vitamin C contents in tomato-, cucumber-, and eggplant fruits grown in the greenhouses and the open at Yamaguchi Prefecture. Eiyo to Shokuryo, 1979, 32(4), 243-248. [In Japanese with an English abstract]
[3] Japan Meteorological Agency: Database. http://www.data.jma.go.jp. Accessed on February 20th, 2015. [in Japanese][4] NEDO: Database of Global Solar Irradiation. http://app7.infoc.nedo.go.jp/
[5] Accessed on February 19th, 2015. [in Japanese]

References 3.8.

[1] Kokubo, H.; Koyama, S.; Takagi, O. Relationship between biophotons and gases generated from cucumber pieces. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 2010, 28(1), 84-94.
[2] Hatanaka, A. Midori no Kaori - Shokubutsu no Idainaru Chie (Green Order - Great Plants). Tokyo: Maruzen, 2005. [in Japanese]

References 3.13.

[1] Kokubo, H.; Takagi, O.; Koyama, S. Application of a gas measurement method - Measurement of ki fields and non-contact healing -. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 2010, 28(1), 95-112.

Chapter 4

References 4.1.

[1] Adachi, Y.; Aoki, T. Photon counting study of reactive oxygen scavenging ability of foods. Journal of International Society for Life Information Science, 2003, 21(1), 285-289.
[2] Imlay, J. A. Redox pioneer: Professor Irwin Fridovich. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, 2011, 14(39, 335-340. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/ PMC3026652/
[3] Okubo, K.; Yoshiki, Y. Discovery, history of organism and food material analysis and developability. Japan Food Science, 1999, 38(8), 18-21. [in Japanese]
[4] Kawabata, R.; Miike, T.; Uefune, M.; Okabe, H.; Takagi, M.; Kai, S. Biophoton measurement of herbivore-induced plant responses. Japanese Society of Applied Entomology and Zoology, 2004, 48(4), 289-296. [In Japanese with an English abstract]
[5] Yanagawa, T.; Sakaguchi, H.; Ueno, M.; Nitta, K. Sustaining faculty of living functions and its biophoton observation. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 2000, 18, 423-447.
[6] Usa, M.; Inaba, H. Spontaneous photon emission from human body. Medical Imaging Technology, 1995, 13, 23-32. [In Japanese with an English abstract][7] Chen, W.; Zhang, T.; Kotake, J.; Yoichi, H.; Haraguchi, S.; Kokubo, H.; Kawano, K.; Yamamoto, M. Temperature and biophoton changes of the middle finger during qigong and light imagery tasks. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 2002, 20, 703-711.
[8] Nakamura, H.; Kokubo, H.; Parkhomtchouk, D. V.; Chen, W.; Tanaka, M.; Zhang, T.; Kokado, T.; Yamamoto, M.; Fukuda, N. Biophoton and temperature changes of human hand during qigong. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 2000, 18, 418-422.
[9] Parkhomtchouk, D. V.; Hirasawa, M.; Yamamoto, M. Low noise system with optical cable probe for ultra-weak photon emission measurements from living matter. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 2000, 18, 109-120.
[10] Kotake, J.; Haraguchi, S.; Parkhomtchouk, D. V.; Yamamoto, M. Change of biophoton emission by mental concentration Part II- Trial of detection of healing effect by biophoton change. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 2000, 20, 132-147.
[11] Van Wijk, R.; Van Wijk, E. P. A. The development of a bio-sensor for the state of consciousness in a human intentional healing ritual. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 2002, 20, 694-702.
[12] Van Wijk, R.; Godaert, G. L. R.; Van Wijk, E. P. A.; Bajpai, R. Photon emission of living witness in human healing and cognitive experiences. Poster presentation at 7th Symposium of BIAL Foundation held in Porto, Portugal, March 26 to 29, 2008.
[13] Kokubo, H.; Yamamoto, M. Research on emission mechanisms of biophotons from cucumber. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 2008, 26, 53-58.
[14] Koyama, S.; Kokubo, H.; Ishikawa, M. Spectrum and time transition of biophotons emitted from suspension of cucumber. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 2011, 29(2), 186-193.
[15] Koyama, S. Seitai sensa to shiteno kyuuri no kiso kenkyuu: Hi-sesshoku seishin sayou kijo kenkyuu no hatten ni mukete (A study on cucumber as a bio-sensor: Approach to mechanisms of non-contact mental influence). Master’s Thesis, School of Information and Communication, Meiji University, 2011. [in Japanese].

References 4.2.

[1] Kokubo, H.; Yamamoto, M.; Kawano, K. Evaluation of non-contact healing using biophotons. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 2006, 24(2), 320-327.
[2] Figure 5 in this paper should be replaced with Figure 6. It is a mistake.
[3] Kokubo, H.; Yamamoto, M.; Kawano, K. Standard evaluation method of non-contact healing using biophotons. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 2007, 25(1), 30-39.

References 4.3.

[1] Kokubo, H.; Yamamoto, M. Discussion on standard evaluation method of non-contact healing using biophotons - Normality of J value, and comparing non-contact healing with thermal/lighting conditions-. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 2007, 25(2), 219-232.

References 4.4.

[1] Kokubo, H.; Yamamoto, M. Fluorescence measurement method for non-contact healing power. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 2012, 30(1), 41-48.
[2] Kokubo, H.; Koyama, S.; Takagi, O.; Kawano, K.; Yamamoto, M. Bio-PK detectivity of fluorescence measurement method: Early spring test. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 2012, 30(2), 208-224.
[3] Kokubo, H.; Usui, T.; Shimahara, C.; Minami, E.; Takagi, O.; Kawano, K.; Yamamoto, M. Response patterns of a bio-sensor in non-contact healing: Analysis by gas and fluorescence measurement methods. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 2013, 31(1), 52-60.
[4] Kokubo, H.; Usui, T.; Shimahara, C.; Minami, E.; Shimizu, T.; Takagi, O.; Kawano, K.; Yamamoto, M. Relationship among non-contact healing (bio-PK) ways and response patterns of a bio-sensor - Competition and inhibition among healing ways of the chakra-activating type, DNA-rewriting (language-leading) type, and energy-circulation-improving type. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 2013, 31(2), 161-181.

chapter 5

References 5.1.

[1] Otani, S. Tomokichi Fukurai - The Pioneer of Psychical Research in Japan. Indian Journal of Parapsychology, 1960, 2(3), 106-111.
[2] Otani, S. History of parapsychology in Japan. Psychologia, 1967, 10, 51-57.
[3] Otani, S. Past and present situation of parapsychology in Japan. In Angoff A, Shapin B editors. Parapsychology Today: A Geographic View - Proceedings of an International Conference held at Le Piol, St. Paul de Vence, France. August 25-27, 1971. New York: Parapsychology Foundation, Inc., 1973, pp.32-42.
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[5] Nakazawa, S. Ed. Chronology of parapsychological events. Bulletin of the Fukurai Institute of Psychology, Vol.2, 1977. [in English and Japanese]
[6] Shepard L. A. Ed. Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology. 2nd ed. Detroit: Gale, 1984.
[7] McClenon, J. Parapsychology in Japan. Parapsychology Review, 1989, 20(4), 13-15.
[8] Berger, A. S.; Berger, J. Eds. The Encyclopedia of Parapsychology and Psychical Research. New York: Paragon, 1991.
[9] Gruber, E. R. Die PSI-Protkolle. Munich: Langen Muller, 1998. [in German]
[10] Parra, A. Los Avances parapsichologicos en el Japon. Ano/Cero, 1998. [in Spanish]
[11] Otani, S. Nihon choushinrigakkai zenshi (Pre-history of Japanese Society for Parapsychology). Newsletter of JSPP, 1986, No.61. [in Japanese].
[12] Katori, H. Tsuito-ki (Mourning for Jiei Ogasawara). Japanese Journal of Psychology, 1995, 66(5), 385-386. [in Japanese].
[13] Koide, H. Relation between call intervals and ESP scores. Proceedings of the Japanese Society for Parapsychology, 1968, No.1, pp.9-12 and 70-71. [in English and Japanese]
[14] Kanazawa, M. The theoretical reflections on precognitive phenomena. Proceedings of the Japanese Society for Parapsychology, 1968, No.1, pp.13-15 and 72-74. [in English and Japanese]
[15] Onda, A. Role of ESP in creative process. Proceedings of the Japanese Society for Parapsychology, 1968, No.1, pp.16-19 and 75. [in English and Japanese]
[16] Otani, S. The structure of ESP response and its relation to the ESP score. Proceedings of the Japanese Society for Parapsychology, 1968, No.1, pp.20-24 and 76-78. [in English and Japanese]
[17] Osada, K. On relationship between subjects' physiological cycle and ESP score. Proceedings of the Japanese Society for Parapsychology, 1968, No.1, 25-28 and 79-80. [in English and Japanese]
[18] Mizukami, T.; Otani, S. Results of Argentine-Japan long distance ESP experiment. Proceedings of the Japanese Society for Parapsychology, 1968, No.1, 29-32 and 81-83. [in English and Japanese]
[19] Otani, S. Choushinrigaku Seika (A List of Literature of Parapsychology in Japan). Printed handout from the meeting on parapsychology in Nagoya, Japan, June 24, 1979. [in Japanese]
[20] This list includes almost all the published literature in Japan from 1955 to 1978. Otani used the list to lecture on parapsychology at the meeting which was held by students groups of Nagoya University, Chukyo University and Chubu Kougyo University (Chubu University).
[21] Otani, S. Parapsychology at Duke University - Brief of J.B. Rhine's speech at Duke University, Parapsychology News, 1964, No.1, 1-3. [in Japanese]
[22] Yoshida, Y. On the frequency to the psi-meter. Parapsychology News, 1964, No.1, 4-6. [in Japanese]
[23] Otani, S. Present status of parapsychology in USA and Europe. Parapsychology News, 1965, No.2, 1-6. [in Japanese]
[24] Onda, A. The Relationship among creative processes - Satori (enlightenment) and ESP. Parapsychology News, 1965, No.3, 1-4. [in Japanese]
[25] Kanazawa, M. Mechanism of telepathy. Parapsychology News, 1965, No.3, 5-8. [in Japanese]
[26] Otani, S. Some relations of ESP scores to change in skin resistance. Parapsychology News, 1965, No.3, 9-12. [in Japanese]
[27] Kanazawa, M. On theory of precognition. Parapsychology News, 1965, No.4, 1-4. [in Japanese]
[28] Onda, A. Sensitivity training and ESP. Parapsychology News, 1966, No.4, 4-6. [in Japanese]
[29] Oguma, T.; et al. Record of discussion by Oguma, Otani, Onda, Hasegawa and Kanazawa - Part 1. Parapsychology News, 1966, No.5, 1-10. [in Japanese]
[30] Oguma, T.; et al. Record of Discussion by Oguma, Otani, Onda, Hasegawa and Kanazawa - Part 2. Parapsychology News, 1996, No.6, 1-8. [in Japanese]
[31] Hasegawa, R. Yochi no honshitsu ni tsuite (On the nature of precognition). Parapsychology News, 1967, No.7, 1-3. [in Japanese]
[32] Otani, S. Concept of precognition. Parapsychology News, 1967, 2(1), 1-3. [in Japanese]
[33] Hagio, S. An ESP test with behavioral targets. Parapsychology News, 1967, 2(4), 3-9. [in Japanese]
[34] Otani, S. Five years of the Japanese Society for Parapsychology. Parapsychology News, 1968, 3(1), 1-4. [in Japanese]
[35] Otani, S. Problem of “time” in precognition. Parapsychology News, 1968, 3(3), 1-5. [in Japanese]
[36] Otani, S. Recent research of psychic photography. Parapsychology News, 1968, 3(3), 6-9. [in Japanese]
[37] Otani, S. The Japanese Society for Parapsychology in 1969. Parapsychology News, 1969, 3(4), 1-4. [in Japanese]
[38] Takahashi, O. A PK experiment with paper. Parapsychology News, 1968, 4(1), 1-6. [in Japanese]
[39] Otani, S. Recent situations of physiological investigation of ESP. Parapsychology News, 1969, 4(2), 3-5. [in Japanese]
[40] Koide, H. Reaction time and ESP scores. Parapsychology News, 1971, 6(1&2), 4-13. [in Japanese]
[41] Matsuda, M. ESP tests under unpleasant stimuli. Parapsychology News, 1973, 7(4), 10-12. [in Japanese]
[42] Otani, S.; Kurihara, H. Experimental study of psi inhibition. Parapsychology News, 1973, 7(4), 16. [in Japanese]
[43] Otani, S. On the Uri Geller phenomena. Parapsychology News, 1975, No.24, 1-19. [in Japanese]
[44] Nakazawa, S. On the nengraphy. Parapsychology News, 1976, No.25, 1-6. [in Japanese]
[45] Otani, S. On the out-of-body experience. Parapsychology News, 1975, No.25, 7-11. [in Japanese]
[46] Kanazawa, M. On the theory of ESP. Parapsychology News, 1975, No.25, 12-16. [in Japanese]
[47] Nagashima, K. Influence of nitrazepam on the change of plethysmograph in ESP and PK experiment. Parapsychology News, 1975, No.25, 17-20. [in Japanese]
[48] Otani, S. Ed. Personal history and achievements of Professor Oguma. Parapsychology News, 1979, No.27, 1-2. [in Japanese]
[49] Otani, S. Professor Oguma and parapsychology in Japan. Parapsychology News, 1976, No.27, 3-6. [in Japanese]
[50] Fujita, T. About the Kirlian photography. Parapsychology News, 1979, No.27, 7-15. [in Japanese]
[51] Muguruma, M. Psi experiments with computer. Parapsychology News, 1979, No.27, 16-22. [in Japanese]
[52] Horiuchi, H. On the esoteric Buddhism. Parapsychology News, 1979, No.27, 23-29. [in Japanese]
[53] Kanazawa, M. On the out-of-the body experience. Parapsychology News, 1979, No.27, 30-36. [in Japanese]
[54] Otani, S. Studies on the influence of the mental and physiological condition upon ESP function. Memoir of Defense Academy, Japan, 1960, No.5, 181-199. [in Japanese]
[55] Otani, S. Choshinrigaku to saimin tono kankei ni tsuite (On relations between parapsychology and hypnosis). Memoir of Defense Academy, Japan, 1968, No.17, 263-290. [in Japanese]
[56] Otani, S. Rakkasann-ka ni yoru kinchou ga ESP kinou ni oyobosu eikyou (Influence to ESP by stress at fall down with parachute). Memoir of Defense Academy, Japan, 1970, No.20, 365-386, 1970. [in Japanese]
[57] Otani, S. Chouki sokutei ni yoru ESP to seiri-teki jouken tono kankei ni tsuite no ichi-jikkenn (An experiment on relationship between ESP and physiological conditions with long term measurement). Memoir of Defense Academy, Japan, 1971, No.20, 217-236. [in Japanese]
[58] Otani, S. Psi kenkyuu ni okeru position effect no mondai (Problem of position effect in psi research). Memoir of Defense Academy, Japan, 1971, No.23, 453-484. [in Japanese]
[59] Otani, S. Choshinrigaku ni okeru yochi no mondai (Problem of precognition in parapsychology - Spontaneous cases and experimental results). Memoir of Defense Academy, Japan, 1972, No.25, 491-524. [in Japanese]
[60] Otani, S. ESP no jikken-teki shouko (Experimental evidences of ESP). Memoir of Defense Academy, Japan, 1973, No.26, 635-664. [in Japanese]
[61] Otani, S. Fukurai Tomokichi hakase no toushi-nensha kenkyuu (Fukurai's studies on clairvoyance and nengraphy). Memoir of Defense Academy, Japan, 1974, No.28, 712-781. [in Japanese]
[62] Otani, S.; Kurihara, H. ESP kinou ni taisuru gai-teki shigeki no kouka (Effects of stimuli for ESP function). Memoir of Defense Academy, Japan, 197, No.35, 443-463. [in Japanese]
[63] Hagio, S. ESP to kioku – No. 1 (ESP and memory – No. 1). Kagoshima Keizai Daigaku Ronbun-shu (Bulletin of Kagoshima Keizai University), 1979, 19(4), 115-135. [in Japanese]
[64] Hagio, S. ESP to kioku – No. 2 (ESP and memory – No. 2). Kagoshima Keizai Daigaku Ronbun-shu (Bulletin of Kagoshima Keizai University), 1979, 20(1), 115-133. [in Japanese]
[65] Miyauchi, T. The Present-Day Nengraphy (Psychic Photo) and Its Experimental Demonstration. Tokyo: Association of Nengraphy in Japan, 1972. [in Japanese, English Summary]
[66] Miyauchi, T. The Second Book of the Present-Day Nengraphy. Tokyo: Association of Nengraphy in Japan, 1973. [in Japanese, English Summary]
[67] Kasahara, T. Choushinrigaku Kenkyuu (Parapsychology). Tokyo: Ouhuu, 1994, 377-382. [in Japanese]
[68] Sasaki, S.; Ochi, Y. Some experimental studies on deformation process of metals by psychokinesis. Journal of Psi Science Institute of Japan, 1976, 1(2), 8-15. [in Japanese with an English abstract]
[69] Sasaki, S.; Ochi, Y.; Takaoka, A.; Some observations with scanning electron microscope (SEM) of fracture surface of metals fractured by psychokinesis (PK). Journal of Psi Science Institute of Japan, 1977, 2(2), 15-19. [in Japanese with an English abstract]
[70] Sasaki, S.; Ochi, Y.; Maruta, K.; Takaoka, A. The effects of psychokinesis (PK) on the hardness of pure Aluminum plate - The first report; On the hardening of annealed materials by PK. Journal of Psi Science Institute of Japan, 1978, 3(1), 3-9. [in Japanese with an English abstract]
[71] Sasaki, S.; Kobayashi, A.; Kobayashi, M.; Ochi, Y.; Ito, F. Some experimental studies on deformation process of noncrystalline materials by psychokinesis - Simple beam bending tests of bamboo and wooden specimens. Journal of Psi Science Institute of Japan, 1976, 1(3), 15-20. [in Japanese with an English abstract]
[72] Sasaki, S.; Ogawa, Y. Examinations of paranormal phenomena with psi-spots during nen-graphy (thoughtography) process by means of TV-vidicon-tube - The first report. Journal of Psi Science Institute of Japan, 1978, 3(2), 7-14. [in Japanese with an English abstract]
[73] Ogawa, Y.; Sasaki, S. Examinations of paranormal phenomena with psi-spots during nen-graphy (thoughtography) process by means of TV-vidicon-tube - The second report. Journal of Psi Science Institute of Japan, 1979, 3(3), 13-21. [in Japanese with an English abstract]
[74] Sasaki, S.; Ogawa, Y. Examinations of paranormal phenomena with psi-spots during nen-graphy (thoughtography) process by means of TV-vidicon-tube - The third report. Journal of Psi Science Institute of Japan, 1979, 4(2), 2-10. [in Japanese with an English abstract]
[75] Sasaki, S.; Koyama, S.; Ochi, Y.; Ogawa, Y. Some examinations of supernormal phenomena by means of silicon-photo-diode (SPD) during nen-graphy (thoughtography) process. Journal of Psi Science Institute of Japan, 1977, 2(1), 3-8. [in Japanese with an English abstract]
[76] Sasaki, S.; Ogawa, Y. Some aspects of nen-field as paranormal phenomena in the darkened box during nen-graphy process - Analysis of wave form - Part 1. Journal of Psi Science Institute of Japan, 1979, 4(1), 2-9. [in Japanese with an English abstract]
[77] Sasaki, S.; Ogawa, Y. Some aspects of nen-field as paranormal phenomena in the darkened box during nen-graphy process - Analysis of wave form - Part 2. Journal of Psi Science Institute of Japan, 1980, 5(1), 15-20. [in Japanese with an English abstract]
[78] Sasaki, S.; Ogawa, Y. Some aspects of nen-field as paranormal phenomena in the darkened box during nen-graphy process - Analysis of wave form - Part 3. Journal of Psi Science Institute of Japan, 1981, 5(3), 41-43. [in Japanese with an English abstract]
[79] Sasaki, S.; Haga, H.; Hayase, Y.; Numata, A.; Ogawa, Y. Effect of target on perception in extra-retinal viewing or clairvoyance - Part 1 - Color and brightness. Journal of Psi Science Institute of Japan, 1981, 6(1), 11-17. [in Japanese with an English abstract]
[80] Sasaki, S.; Haga, H.; Hayase, Y.; Ogawa, Y.; Maruyama, I. Effect of target on perception in extra-retinal viewing or clairvoyance - Part 2 - Copy and perception. Journal of Psi Science Institute of Japan, 1982, 6(2), 13-18. [in Japanese with an English abstract]
[81] Sasaki, S.; Shiga, K.; Ishikawa, M. The EEG measurement during Yamashita's eyeless sight or clairvoyance (1st Report). Journal of Psi Science Institute of Japan, 1983, 7(2), 52-57. [in Japanese with an English abstract]
[82] Otani, S. Saikin terebi kyoku de shusai shita Kiyota-Yamashita-shi no jikkenn ni tsuite (On an experiment by a TV for Mr. Kiyota and Mr. Yamashita). Newsletter of JSPP, 1984, No.49, 1. [in Japanese]
[83] Sasaki, S.; Kobayashi, T. Effects of meditation and smell stimulation on human information systems concerned with paranormal phenomena. Journal of Psi Science Institute of Japan, 1988, 10(2), 9-17. [in Japanese with an English abstract]
[84] Sasaki, S.; Kobayashi, T. Some investigations on electro-physiological nature of human body during qigong experiment. Journal of Psi Science Institute of Japan, 1989, 12(1), 17-24. [in Japanese with an English abstract]
[85] Sasaki, S.; Kobayashi, T. The mutual interaction of qi energy between a qigong-healer and a receiver on human information systems. Journal of Psi Science Institute of Japan, 1989, 12(1), 25-32. [in Japanese with an English abstract]
[86] Kasahara, T.; Kohri, N.; Ro, Y.; Imai, S.; Otani, S. A study on PK ability of a gifted subject in Japan. In Roll WG, Beloff J editors. Research in Parapsychology 1980, Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1981, 39-42.
[87] Kohri, N.; Otani, S.; Kasahara, T.; Hika, S.; Yamazaki, M.; Ichinose, N. Nenriki genshou jikken-ka ni okeru seishin seirigaku-teki henka (Psycho-physiological changes in PK experiment). Nihon Iji Shinpou, 1988, No.3365, pp.45-49. [in Japanese]
[88] Kasahara, T. Choushinrigaku Handobukku (Parapsychology Handbook). Tokyo: Brain Shuppan, 1995, pp.205-220. [in Japanese]
[89] Uphoff, W. J.; Uphoff, M. J. Mind over Matter: Implications of Masuaki Kiyota's PK Feats with Metal and Film, For: Healing, Physics, Psychiatry, War & Peace Et Cetera. Oregon: New Frontiers Center & Colin Smythe Ltd., 1980, pp. 60-66 & pp. 108-110.
[90] Yomiuri Newspaper. Chounouryoku wo denpa de kyatti (Detecting psychokinesis by radio wave). Yomiuri Newspaper, Evening edition, 1979, June 21, p. 9. [In Japanese].
[91] ESPER (Ichimura, T.) Nenriki-ba ni okareta kinzoku busshitsu no henkei (Metal bending in psychokinetic field). Telepathy, 1977, 11(3), 2624-2627. [In Japanese]
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[93] Murasawa, S. Some simple phenomena. PSI-Joho, 1976, No.1, 4-6. [In Japanese]
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References 5.2.

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This book is written for students and professionals of biophysics, parapsychology, anomalistic psychology, qigong research, spiritual healing, and consciousness study, and also for practitioners of energy medicine such as reiki, johrei, healing touch, qigong, prayer therapy, and various kinds of laying-on-of-hands. The readers will find new properties of their target phenomena, for example, a bio-sensor can show different responses according to human intent; a specific chemical reaction system reacts easily against human intent; structure(s) in living-body is important to react against human intent. Nurses and practitioners will have interest in practical important points of healing which are described in this book if they have done energy medicine for their patients.

In industries of development of Tera Hz devices, innovators and researchers will have interest in weak radiation from human body.

The text is described for beginners who want to know healing study relating to ki or psi. The readers can read and understand this book without advance knowledge even if they are not professionals.
Also, nonprofessional people will have interest in history of parapsychological study in Japan and China. They will found various studies executed by Japanese and Chinese. Also, they will be interesting to a new fact that a layer-structure is detected around a human body in experiments; which layer-structure has been claimed by the mystic and the healer as “bio-energy field”. They will be surprised and have interest in various properties of healing (bio-PK) which are described in this book because interpretations of these properties differ drastically from ones in conventional books of healing practice.