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The use of image processing is presenting nowadays an exponential increase in the development of new solutions to deal with challenges in the industry and in the day-to-day life of Society. The improvements of technology enable the recurrent use of image processing based applications with a market which has reached mobile supporting devices such as smart phones and tablets. With the objective of discussing the main issues, challenges, opportunities and trends related to image processing, the result is a compilation of studies available to the readers allowing them to achieve new technological developments, present practical solutions and state-of-the-art technologies, provide guidance for future research and to create a connection between research and applications. (Imprint: Nova)