Table of Contents

ABSTRACT

This paper explores the combined impact of PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) and heavy metals on respiratory health, focusing on their potential synergistic or additive effects. Evidence suggests that co-exposure to these contaminants might exacerbate pulmonary inflammation, oxidative stress, and lung injury. Studies indicate that PFAS and heavy metals, both known for their persistence and bioaccumulation in the environment, can disrupt immune responses, increase susceptibility to respiratory infections, and contribute to the development and exacerbation of COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Given the limited research on the joint effects of PFAS and metals, this paper aims to fill the knowledge gap by providing insights into their interactive effects on respiratory health. It underscores the importance of regulatory measures to limit emissions of these contaminants and public health initiatives to reduce exposure. By addressing the combined impact of PFAS and metals, effective strategies can be developed to protect respiratory health and mitigate the risks associated with environmental pollutants.

Keywords: COPD, metals, PFAS, respiratory, exposome