Fukushima Nuclear Accident: Global Implications, Long-Term Health Effects and Ecological Consequences

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Series: Natural Disaster Research, Prediction and Mitigation
BISAC: NAT023000

The magnitude 9.0 Great East Japan Earthquake occurred on March 11, 2011, claiming more than 20,000 lives. It crippled the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, whose hydrogen-air explosions contaminated wide areas around Fukushima with radionuclides. The number of evacuees initially totaled 328,903, but has been reduced to 263,392 as of February 13, 2014. More than half of the evacuees (132,500) consist of Fukushima residents, and 67% of whom have experienced mental or physical disorders. Indeed, refugee life is so difficult that many Fukushima families have been affected by suicide, divorce, separation of family members, migration and settlement to other places, mental illness, etc.

The difficulty is caused by the fear of low-dose radiation induced by the LNT model which claims that radiation cancer risk is linearly proportional to dose without any threshold. Careful scrutiny of the model, however, clearly indicates that the linearity is invalid; low dose radiation is not hazardous, but is even beneficial or hormetic because of the adaptive response to radiation. This book provides ample evidence to negate the LNT model. This book is primarily compiled to get rid of the spell of the LNT model and release Fukushima people from undue torture. The book would also be useful to the public in general who have CT scans and have concerns. In addition, the people who use radiation world-wide such as nuclear power plant workers, radiation researchers, radiologists, and X-ray operators would be relieved to learn from reading this book that the alleged risk of low-dose radiation is illusionary and that the low-dose radiation is even beneficial.

Policy makers of nuclear energy and radiation who are working for governmental and/or regulatory agencies are also recommended to read this book. Severe guidelines from a safety standpoint sometimes entrap people into a fear-stricken situation rather than save them, as no one was killed by radiation directly, but more than 1,000 people have been killed by the fear of radiation secondarily in Fukushima. By the same token, this book is recommended to civil activists and journalists who emphasize dangers of low-dose radiation and raise fear of low-dose radiation. It is the time to shed new scientific light on the outdated LNT model.

(Imprint: Nova)

 

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Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Preface

Chapter 1 – Perspective: Health-Risk Implications of the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant Accident (pp. 1-26)
Keiji Suzuki and Shunichi Yamashita (Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan)

Chapter 2 – Nuclear Energy and the LNT Hypothesis of Radiation Carcinogenesis (pp. 27-60)
Jerry M. Cuttler (Cuttler & Associates Inc., Townsgate Drive, Vaughan, Ontario, Canada)
Free Download Available

Chapter 3 – Evidence Against the Linear No-Threshold Hypothesis in the Atomic Bomb Survivor Cancer Data and Other Data and Reasons for a Change in the Radiation Safety Paradigm (pp. 61-76)
Mohan Doss (Diagnostic Imaging Department, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, USA)

Chapter 4 – Genetic Effects of Atomic Bomb Radiation on Humans (pp. 77-88)
Yoshiaki Kodama (Cytogenetic Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan)

Chapter 5 – Hormesis: Insight into Adaptive Defense Mechanisms Against Ionizing Radiation Established During Evolution of Life on the Earth (pp. 89-100)
Masanobu Sugimoto (m & m Office, Shiromeguri, Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan)

Chapter 6 – Dose Rate Problems in Extrapolation of Hiroshima-Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Data to Estimation of Cancer Risk of Elevated Environmental Radiation in Fukushima (pp. 101-114)
Hiroshi Tanooka (Radiation Effects Association, Kaji-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan, and others)
Free Download Available

Chapter 7 – Role of the Keap1-Nrf2 Pathway in Protection against Ionizing Radiation (pp. 115-134)
Atsushi Maruyama and Ken Itoh (Department of Stress Response Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Japan)
Free Download Available

Chapter 8 – Effects of Chronic Low Dose-Rate Gamma Ray Irradiation in Mice (pp. 135-154)
Ignacia B. Tanaka III, Satoshi Tanaka and Shingo Nakamura (Department of Radiobiology, Institute for Environmental Sciences Obuchi, Rokkasho, Aomori, Japan)

Chapter 9 – Dose-Effect Relationship between Radiation and Cancer Induced by Repetitive or Continuous Irradiation (pp. 155-166)
Akira Ootsuyama (Division of Radiation Biology and Health, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu-shi, Fukuoka, Japan)

Chapter 10 – The Effects of Dose Rate in Radiation Related Cancer Risk – A Brief Review of Epidemiological Studies in High Background Radiation Areas and Others (pp. 167-184)
Suminori Akiba (Professor of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan)

Chapter 11 – Comparative Analyses of Leaves Contaminated with 137Cs Collected in Chernobyl and Fukushima (pp. 185-202)
Hiroo Nakajima (Department Radiation Biology and Medical Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan)
Free Download Available 

Chapter 12 – Monitoring of Radio-Contamination in Returnees from Evacuation Zones in Fukushima and Sporadic Measurements of Radiation in Contaminated Areas of Ibaraki and Fukushima Prefectures (pp. 203-216)
Shizuyo Sutou (School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, Okayama, Japan)

Chapter 13 – Commentary 1: Biokinetics of 137Cs and Estimation of Internal Radiation Dose; Physiological Effects in Descendant Mice After the Every Generational Low Dose-Rate Internal 137Cs Radiation Exposure, As the Fukushima Simulation Experiment (pp. 217-224)
Hiroo Nakajima (Department Radiation Biology and Medical Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan)
Free Download Available

Chapter 14 – Commentary 2: Abnormalities of Butterflies Captured Around Fukushima Areas Might be Caused by Non-Genetic but Toxic Effects (pp. 225-230)
Shizuyo Sutou (School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, Naka-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama, Japan)

Chapter 15 – Commentary 3: Abnormal Butterflies Captured around Fukushima Areas May be Caused by Hsp90-Mediated Mechanism (pp. 231-236)
Masuo Obinata (Tohoku University, Professor emeritus, Aisome, Ikeda-machi, Kita-azumi-gun, Nagano, Japan)

Chapter 16 – Summary of the Fukushima Disaster (pp. 237-246)
Shizuyo Sutou (School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, Naka-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama, Japan)
Free Download Available

Index

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