Effects of Glucose and Fructose on Development of Mouse and Rat Embryos in Vitro

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Glucose is the main fuel for most cells, and its importance as an energy substrate has led to intense research on its cellular metabolites and the mechanism controlling its uptake. A vast number of studies have been conducted on glucose metabolism in mammalian preimplantation embryos. However, most have shown that the presence of glucose in early preimplantation embryos from the 2-cell to the 8-cell stage is detrimental to further embryo development in vitro for several species, including mouse, rat, hamster, cow, sheep, and human. The belief that glucose is inhibits the physiological development of early preimplantation embryos of all species is now widely held. This book review the energy substrates and amino acids used in embryo culture media, and describe the history of mouse embryo culture. In addition, we describe the use of fructose in mouse embryos and the use of glucose and fructose in rat embryos. (Imprint: Nova Biomedical)