Adamo Federica, Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher and David Aebisher
Medical College of The University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland

Part of the book: The Biochemical Guide to Hormones

Abstract

Endocrine system is indispensible for life in addition to the nervous system. Fundamental biological functions such as reproduction, growth, salt-water balance and emergency responses such as fight or flight are regulated to a fine tuning by the endocrine system in young and adulthood. Basically, the alteration in the above biological functions during aging is a consequence of altered hypothalamic-pituitary axes. Dietary restriction without malnutrition, physical exercise and nutraceutical interventions in elderly people reveal positive results in managing some of the endocrine disorders.

Keyword: hypothalamic-pituitary axis, steroids, endocrine system, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), growth hormone (GH), growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)

References

Baltaci AK, Mogulkoc R, Baltaci SB. Review: The role of zinc in the endocrine system.
Pak. J. Pharm. Sci. 2019; 32(1): 231-239.
Borowska M, Czarnywojtek A, Sawicka-Gutaj N, Woliński K, Płazińska MT, Mikołajczak
P, Ruchała M. The effects of cannabinoids on the endocrine system. Endokrynol. Pol.
2018; 69(6): 705-719.
Garcia-Reyero N. The clandestine organs of the endocrine system. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol.
2018; 257: 264-271.
Malespin M, Nassri A. Endocrine Diseases and the Liver: An Update. Clin. Liver Dis. 2019;
23(2): 233-246.
Poddar M, Chetty Y, Chetty VT. How does obesity affect the endocrine system? A narrative
review. Clin. Obes. 2017; 7(3): 136-144