Henry F. González¹, Melvin Durán-Rincón¹ and Valentina Aristizábal-Marulanda^1,2
1Facultad de Tecnología, Escuela de Tecnología Química, Grupo de investigación en Desarrollo de Procesos Químicos, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia
²Grupo de investigación en Procesos Agroindustriales y Desarrollo Sostenible (PADES), Universidad de Sucre, Sincelejo, Colombia

Part of the book: The Future of Biorefineries

Abstract

In a Latin American approach (Caribbean, Central and South America), Brazil is a focus of research and development of biorefining processes. Researchers from that country have done remarkable work on first and second generation of biofuels just like Colombia on first generation biofuels. The research has been associated to sugarcane and oil palm transformation and their main residues (e.g., vinasse, bagasse, empty fruit bunches, etc.). Therefore, dealing with lignin and cellulose materials remains the main research challenge. Biomass availability is related to agricultural production. The largest agricultural economies in Latin America after Brazil are Mexico, Argentina, and Colombia. Different biorefinery options have been proposed in these countries to treat agricultural waste. It applies both to extensive crops and to smaller-scale crops and their residues. In this sense, this work addresses some challenges for process scaling up, and the search for sustainable biorefineries in the Latin America context concentrating on the following topics, i) stabilization of biorefinery feed, ii) technoeconomic analysis focused on finding alternatives or technologies for viable projects and iii) analysis of stakeholders in biorefineries. Other important elements discussed are the emerging microorganisms that could play a pivotal role in scaling process and the need to integrate environmental concepts and supply chain in biorefineries. In conclusion, there are opportunities for the development of biorefineries in Latin America taking advantage of the Brazilian experience and based on agricultural practices that may be common in the region. Research and development of new unit “bio” – operations should be strengthened.

Keywords: bioprocesses, residual biomass, biorefinery, Latin America context, scaling up

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