Jenna D. Theroux¹,², Hudson O. West¹, Hayley W. Hamilton¹, and Adriane B. Marino¹
¹Wingate University School of Pharmacy, Wingate University, Wingate, NC, US
²Eastowne Family Physicians, Charlotte, NC, US

Part of the book: Advances in Health and Disease. Volume 63

Abstract

Every year, approximately 10 million people develop active tuberculosis (TB) worldwide and about 1.6 million people die as a result of the infection. TB is the leading infectious disease cause of death globally. The causative agent of TB is Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Not all people infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis develop active TB. The immunocompromised or persons with additional risk factors are at a much greater risk of developing active TB after being infected with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). A common cause of immunosuppression is HIV infection, especially in developing countries. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), people infected with HIV are 50 times more likely to progress to active TB than those who are not [1]. The WHO recommends using isoniazid (INH) monotherapy for patients with HIV to prevent TB infection. However, this recommendation lacks robust data for use in childbearing women. This chapter will review the use of INH for the prevention of TB in pregnant women who are also infected with HIV, focusing on the safety and efficacy of INH for the mother and fetus.

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