María Victoria Castelli, Nathalie Ruiz Mostacero, Cecilia Luisa Fulgueira and Silvia Noelí López
Farmacognosia, Universidad Nacional de Rosario – CONICET, Rosario, Argentina

Part of the book: The Book of Fungal Pathogens

Abstract

Diaporthe genus is a cosmopolitan group of filamentous fungi with diverse ecological behaviors, including saprotrophs, endophytes and plant pathogens, some causing significant diseases on a wide range of economically important crops. In its asexual reproducing phase, this genus is characterized by ostiolate black conidiomata containing elongated cylindric phialides that produce alpha and beta hyaline nonseptate conidia. This fungal phase was originally named as Phomopsis, being this name no longer in use now. Diaporthe has been reported as one of the most frequently encountered genera of endophytic fungi in several plant hosts. Species of Diaporthe produce interesting bioactive secondary metabolites, especially if they have been isolated from healthy plant tissues. Examples of isolated compounds include xanthones, chromones, macrolides, cytochalasins, isobenzofuranones, oblongolides, diketopyperazines, and terpenoids, among others. Considering the diverse and complex nature of secondary metabolism, the novelty and promising bioactivity of some metabolites, and the information related to the enzyme production of species belonging to the Diaporthe genus, a comprehensive revision since 2000 to date of the available literature was carried out.

Keywords: Diaporthe, Phomopsis, bioactivity, secondary metabolites, enzymes

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