Jatindra N. Bhakta¹, Sukanta Rana², Subham Das¹, Manisha Mukhopadhyay¹, Pratap Majumder¹, Paramita Das¹, Akshay Sarkar¹, Pratyusa Biswas¹, Susmita Lahiri¹ and Bana B. Jana¹
¹Laboratory of Environmental & Bioresource Technology, Department of Ecological Studies & International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
²Department of Zoology, Raniganj Girls’ College, Paschim Bardhaman, West Bengal, India

Part of the book: Research Advancements in Organic Farming

Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.52305/FDQX4412

Abstract

Increasing pollution levels in soil is one of the serious concerns and an alarming threat to humans as well as the environment. Indiscriminate discharge of various kinds of waste from anthropogenic sources such as agricultural, industrial and municipal along with natural sources have affected the soil quality harshly, affecting our food sources and, as a result, adversely affecting human health. To combat the above problem, treatment of soil has become an utmost necessity in order to restore the standard quality of soil required for the conservation of environmental and human health. Chemical, physical and biological approaches have commonly been employed to remediate the soil pollution. Several current researches investigated the various organic approaches of soil bioremediation for ecofriendly management of soil pollution. However, current comprehensive information in this regard is unavailable. Therefore, the present paper attempted to draw up a comprehensive brief review explaining each of these remediation approaches and its effect on the environment with special reference to organic approaches to soil remediation.

Keywords: soil pollution, remediation approaches, bioremediation, phytoremediaton, phylloremediation, remediation techniques

References

Abdel-Shafy, H. I., and Mansour, M. S., (2018). Phytoremediation for the elimination of
metals, pesticides, PAHs, and other pollutants from wastewater and soil. In Phytobiont
and ecosystem restitution (pp. 101-136). Springer, Singapore.
Abdi, O. A., Glover, E. K., and Luukkanen, O., (2013). Causes and impacts of land
degradation and desertification: Case study of the Sudan. International Journal of
Agriculture and Forestry, 3(2): 40-51.
Abdollahi, L., and Munkholm, L., (2014). Tillage System and Cover Crop Effects on Soil
Quality: I. Chemical, Mechanical and Biological Properties. Soil & Water
Management & Conservation 78(1): 262-270.
Ahmad, and Soriano, M. C. H., (2014). Environmental Risk Assessment of Soil
Contamination. InTech, pp. 920. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5772/57086.
Aktar, W., Sengupta, D., and Chowdhury, A., (2009). Impact of pesticides use in
agriculture: their benefits and hazards. Interdisciplinary Toxicology 2(1):1-12.
https://doi.org/10.2478/v10102-009-0001-7.
Ali, H., Khan, E., and Ilahi, I., (2019). Environmental chemistry and ecotoxicology of
hazardous heavy metals: environmental persistence, toxicity, and bioaccumulation.
Journal of chemistry, 2019.
Bahadur, I., Meena, V. S., and Kumar, S., (2014). Importance and application of
potassicbiofertilizer in Indian agriculture. Research Journal of Chemical Sciences.
Bhargava, A., Carmona, F. F., Bhargava, M., and Srivastava, S., (2012). Approaches for
enhanced phytoextraction of heavy metals. Journal of environmental management,
105, pp. 103-120.
Binham, P. A., and Hand, R. J., (2006). Vitrification of toxic wastes: a brief review.
Advances in Applied Ceramics 105 (1):21-31.
Cardon, G. E., Davis, J. G., Bauder, T. A., and Waskom, R. M., (2003). Managing saline
soils. Fort Collins, CO, USA: Colorado State University Cooperative Extension.
Carpenter, S. R., Caraco, N. F., Correll, D. L., Howarth, R. W., Sharpley, A. N., and Smith,
V. H., (1998). Nonpoint Pollution of Surface Waters with Phosphorus and Nitrogen.
Ecological Applications, 8(3):559-568.
Circeo, L. J., and Martin, R. C., (1997). In Situ Plasma Vitrification of Buried Wastes.
http://www.boritcag.org/pdf/In%20Situ%20plasma%20vitrification%20of%20buried%20wastes.pdf.
Dadrasnia, A., Shahsavari, N., and Emenike, C. U., (2013). Remediation of Contaminated
Sites. In: Kuchetrov V. (ed), Hydrocarbon. InTech, London. pp. 65-82.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/51591.
Dey, S., (2022). Indigenous microbial populations of abandoned mining sites and their role
in natural attenuation. Archives of Microbiology, 204(5):1-18.
Diaconu, A., Tenu, I., Roşca, R., and Cârlescu, P., (2017). Researches regarding the
reduction of pesticide soil pollution in vineyard. Process Safety and Environmental
Protection, 108:135-143.
Dong, P., Maneerung, T., Ng, W. C., Zhen, X., Dai, Y., Tong, Y. W., Ting, Y. P., Koh, S.
N., Wang, C. W., and Neoh, K. G., (2017). Chemically treated carbon black waste and
its potential applications. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 321:62-72.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.08.065.
FAO and ITPS, (2015). Status of the World’s Soil Resource (SWSR) – Main Report. Food
and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and Intergovernmental Technical
Panel on Soils, Rome, Italy. pp. 607.
Favas, P. J., Pratas, J., Varun, M., D’Souza, R., and Paul, M. S., (2014). Phytoremediation
of soils contaminated with metals and metalloids at mining areas: potential of native
flora. Environmental risk assessment of soil contamination, 3, pp. 485-516.
Favas, P., Pratas, J., Varun, M., Souza, R. D., and Paul, S. T., (2014). Phytoremediation of
Soils Contaminated with Metals and Metalloids at Mining Areas: Potential of Native
Flora. In: Hernandez-Soriano (Ed), Environmental Risk Assessment of Soil
Contamination, InTech, Croatia. pp. 485-517. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/57469.
Fryrear, D. W., and Skidmore, E. L., (1985). Methods for controlling wind erosion. Soil
erosion and crop productivity, pp. 443-457.
Gomes, M. A. C., Hauser-Davis, R. A., deSouza, A. N., and Vitória, A. P., (2016). Metal
phytoremediation: general strategies, genetically modified plants and applications in
metal nanoparticle contamination. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 134P1:
133-147. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.08.24.
GSP (Global Soil Partnership), (2017). Global Soil Partnership Endorses Guidelines on
Sustainable Soil Management. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Gupta, P., and Diwan, B., (2017). Bacterial exopolysaccharide mediated heavy metal
removal: a review on biosynthesis, mechanism and remediation strategies.
Biotechnology Reports 13:58-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.btre.2016.12.006.
Hickman, Z. A., and Reid, B. J., (2008). Earthworm assisted bioremediation of organic
contaminants. Environment International 34(7):1072-1081.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2008.02.013.
http://www.fao.org/global-soil-partnership/resources/highlights/detail/en/c/416516/.
https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/soil-pollution-risk-our-health-and-food security.
Jafarinejad, S., (2017). Petroleum Waste Treatment and Pollution Control, Elsevier, pp. 362.
Khalid, S., Shahid, M., Niazi, N. K., Murtaza, B., Bibi, I., and Dumat, C., (2017). A
Comparison of technologies for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils.
Journal of Geochemical Exploration 182(B):247-268.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2016.11.021.
Koul, B., Taak, P. (2018) Biotechnological Strategies for Effective Remediation of Polluted
Soils. Springer, Singapore. pp. 240. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2420-8.
Kumar, B., Verma, V. K., Mishra, M., Piyush, Kakkar, V., Tiwari, A., Kumar, S., Yadav,
V. P., and Gargava, P., (2021). Assessment of persistent organic pollutants in soil and
sediments from an urbanized flood plain area. Environmental Geochemistry and
Health 43(9):3375-3392.
Li, L., Cunningham, C. J., Pas, V., Philp, J. C., Barry, D. A., and Anderson, P., (2004).
Field trial of a new aeration system for enhancing biodegradation in biopile. Waste
Management 24(2):127-137. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2003.06.001.
Liao, C., Tang, Y., Liu, C., Shih, K., and Li, F., (2016). Double-Barrier mechanism for
chromium immobilization: A quantitative study of crystallization and leachability.
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 311, pp. 246-253.
Lu, S., Lepo, J. E., Song, H. X., Guan, C. Y., and Zhang, Z. H., (2018). Increased rice yield
in long-term crop rotation regimes through improved soil structure, rhizosphere
microbial communities, and nutrient bioavailability in paddy soil. Biology and
Fertility of Soils, 54(8), pp. 909-923.
Ma, L., Hu, T., Liu, Y., Liu, J., Wang, Y., Wang, P., Zhou, J., Chen, M., Yang, B., and Li,
L., (2021). Combination of biochar and immobilized bacteria accelerates
polyacrylamide biodegradation in soil by both bio-augmentation and bio-stimulation
strategies. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 405, p. 124086.
McIntyre, T., (2003). Phytoremediation of heavy metals from soils. Advances in
Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology 78:97-123.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45991-x_4.
McLaughlin, M. J., Parker, D. R., and Clarke, J. M., (1999). Metals and micronutrients –
food safety issues. Field Crops Research 60(1-2):143-163.
Mendes, R., Garbeva, P., and Raaijmakers, J. M., (2013). The rhizospheremicrobiome:
significance of plant beneficial, plant pathogenic, and human pathogenic
microorganisms. FEMS microbiology reviews, 37(5), pp. 634-663.
Moreira, H., Mench, M., Pereira, S., Garbisu, C., Kidd, P., and Castro, P., (2021).
Phytomanagement of metal (loid)-contaminated soils: options, efficiency and value.
Frontiers in Environmental Science, 9.
Namkoong, W., Hwang, E. Y., Park, J. S., and Choi, J. Y., (2002). Bioremediation of diesel contaminated soil with composting. Environmental Pollution 119 (1): 23-31.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0269-7491(01)00328-1.
Ogunsola, O. A., Adeniyi, O. D., and Adedokun, V. A., (2020). Soil Management and
Conservation: An Approach to Mitigate and Ameliorate Soil Contamination. In:
Larramendy M. L. and Soloneski S. (ed), Soil Contamination – Threats and
Sustainable Solutions, IntechOpen.
Page, C. L., (2002). Electro remediation of contaminated soils. Journal of Environmental
Engineering 128:208-219.
Pal, A. K., Ahamed, A., and Panday, V. K., (2019). Soil Binding Capacity of Different
Forage Grasses in Terms of Reinforcement Ability toward Soil Slope Stabilization.
Indian Journal of Hill Farming 32(1):137-143.
Parrón, T., Requena, M., Hernández, A. F. and Alarcón, R., (2014). Environmental
exposure to pesticides and cancer risk in multiple human organ systems. Toxicology
Letters, 230(2), pp. 157-165.
Pereg, L., Steffan, J. J., Gedeon, C., Thomas, P., and Brevik, E. C., (2021). Medical geology
of soil ecology. In Practical applications of medical geology (pp. 343-401).
Qin, F., Gao, Y., Xu, P., GuoB, Li, J, and Wang, H., (2015). Enantioselective
bioaccumulation and toxic effects of fipronil in the earthworm Eiseniafoetida
following soil exposure. Pest-Management Science 71 (4):553-561.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.3841.
Raffa, C. M., and Chiampo, F., (2021). Bioremediation of agricultural soils polluted with
pesticides: a review. Bioengineering, 8(7), p. 92.
Rashtian, J., Chavkin, D. E., and Merhi, Z., (2019). Water and soil pollution as determinant
of water and food quality/contamination and its impact on female fertility. Reprod Biol
Endocrinol 1, 7:5 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-018-0448-5.
Rodríguez, M. D. F., Gómez, M. C. G., Blazqueź, N. A., and Tarazona, J. V., (2014). Soil
Pollution Remediation. In: Wexler P (ed), Encyclopedia of Toxicology, 3rd edn,
Elsevier, pp. 344-355.
Ros, M., Rodrı´guez, I., Garcı´a, C., and Herna´ndez, T., (2010). Microbial communities
involved in the bioremediation of an aged recalcitrant hydrocarbon polluted soil by
using organic amendments. Bioresource Technology 101(18):6916-6923.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.03.126.
Saikia, S. P., Bora, D., Goswami, A., Mudoi, K. D., and Gogoi, A., (2012). A review on
the role of Azospirillum in the yield improvement of non leguminous crops. African
Journal of Microbiology Research, 6(6), pp. 1085-1102.
Sandia National Laboratories, (2021). U.S. http://www.sandia.gov/subsurface/factshts/ert/ek.pdf.
Savci, S., (2012). Investigation of Effect of Chemical Fertilizers on Environment. APCBEE
Procedia 1:287-292. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcbee.2012.03.047.
Styczen, M. E., and Morgan, R. P. C., (1995). Engineering properties of vegetation
(pp. 5-58). Taylor & Francis: London, UK.
Taddese, S., (2019). Municipal Waste Disposal on Soil Quality. A Review. Acta Scientific
Agriculture 3(12):9-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31080/ASAG.2019.03.0713.
US EPA, (2001). A Citizen’s Guide to Solvent Extraction. EPA-542-F-01-0009.
https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/tiff2png.exe/10002SQ1.PNG?-r+75+-g+7+D%3A%5CZYFILES%5CINDEX%20DATA%5C00THRU05%5CTIFF%5C00000285%5C10002SQ1.TIF.
Wang, Q., (2014). Effect of biofumigation and chemical fumigation on soil microbial
community structure and control of pepper phytophthorablight. World Journal of
Microbiology and Biotechnology 30(2): 507-518.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-013-1462-6.
Wu, Y., Jing, X., Gao, C., Huang, Q., and Cai, P., (2018). Recent advances in microbial
electrochemical system for soil bioremediation. Chemosphere 211: 156-163.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.089.
Zhang, L. J., Zhang, Y., and Liu, D. H., (2009). Remediation of Soil Contaminated by
Heavy Metals with different amelioration materials. Soils 41(3):420-4.
Zhou, Q. X., (2002). Technological reforger and prospect of contaminate soil remediation.
Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering 3(8):36-40.