Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Prevention, Treatment and Outcomes

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Seda Özkan – Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanabul, Turkey
Afsin Ipekci – Department of Emergency Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey

Series: Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine
BISAC: MED026000; MED096000; MED014000
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52305/LJHM1765

Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-irritant, and environmental toxicant gas produced by the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons, and is an invisible hazard to humans. Because of these factors, it is described as “silent death”. Carbon monoxide poisoning is one of the important causes of emergency room admissions and is the leading cause of poisoning-related deaths.

Humanity has had a complex relationship with carbon monoxide (CO) since the stone age. Although it is stated in historical documents about CO that Erasistratus said “coal fumes affect normal respiration” around 275 BC and that Aristotle said “coal fumes cause severe headache and death” around 350 BC, its toxic effects were first explained by Claude Bernard in 1865. Since the toxic effects of carbon monoxide gas were announced, many poisoning cases and deaths have been reported every year. A wide range of non-specific clinical manifestations are seen in CO poisoning. Clinical effects and findings of CO can be seen as acute, delayed, and chronic. The chronic effects of CO poisoning can negatively affect people throughout life.

CO exposure varies according to societies, climatic conditions, development levels of countries, and occupational groups. While industrial accidents, exhaust gases, and suicide attempts are important causes in developed countries, household poisonings due to using heating equipment such as stoves and boilers are at the forefront in cold countries, especially in winter, depending on the climatic conditions. There is also a higher risk of poisoning in some professional occupations, such as firefighters, police, and industrial workers.

CO poisoning is a poisoning that can be prevented by taking precautions. In cases of CO poisoning, the early interventions at the scene and the treatments in the emergency room and intensive care units in the early period reduce the negative effects of CO gas. Our aim in writing this book is to be a guide for physicians by looking at carbon monoxide poisoning from a wider perspective, and by writing the innovations in diagnosis, follow-up and treatment.

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Table of Contents

Preface

Chapter 1. The Properties, Epidemiology, and Physiopathology of Carbon Monoxide Gas
Ali Halıcı1, MD, Kerim Abatay2, MD, İzzettin Hür3, MD and Eren Usul4, MD
1Department of Emergency Medicine, Kutahya Health Science University, Kutahya, Turkey
2Department of Emergency Medicine, Muş Public Hospital, Muş, Turkey
3Department of Emergency Medicine, Mehmet Akif İnan Research Hospital, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
4Department of Emergency Medicine, Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

Chapter 2. Acute Clinical Effects of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Ali Duman1, MD, Ayhan Aköz1, MD, Selçuk Eren Çanakçı1, Md and Çağaç Yetiş2, MD
1Department of Emergency Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
2Emergency Medicine, Aydın Söke Fehime Faik Kocagöz State Hospital, Söke, Aydın, Turkey

Chapter 3. Carbon Monoxide and Its Cardiovascular Effects
Eser Durmaz, MD and Gündüz İncesu, MD
Department of Cardiology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, İstanbul, Turkey

Chapter 4. The Neurological Aspects of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Furkan Asan, MD and Mehmet Sakir Delil, MD
Department of Neurology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey

Chapter 5. The Late Effects of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Hasan Sultanoğlu, MD, Yasin Haydar Yartaşı, MD and Ali Can Kara, MD
Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey

Chapter 6. Diagnostic Methods for Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Murat Daş, MD, Okhan Akdur, MD and Gökhan Akdur, MD
Department of Emergency Medicine, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey

Chapter 7. Biomarkers Used in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Gökcan Aman1, MD and Türker Demirtakan2, MD
1Department of Emergency Medicine, Sultan 1. Murat State Hospital, Edirne, Turkey
2Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey

Chapter 8. Imaging Methods and Findings in Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Turkan Ikizceli1 and Ibrahim Ikizceli2
1Department of Radiology, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
2Department of Emergency Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey

Chapter 9. The Emergency Management of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Sevil Kuşku Kıyak and Yonca Senem Akdeniz
Department of Emergency Medicine, Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey

Chapter 10. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Altuğ Kanbakan, MD
Clinic of Emergency Medicine, Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey

Chapter 11. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in Children
Yaşar Yusuf Can, MD
Department of Pediatrics, Sancaktepe Sehit Prof. Dr. Ilhan Varank Egitim Arastirma Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey

Chapter 12. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in Pregnancy
Kübra Hamzaoğlu Canbolat1, MD and Abdullah Serdar Açıkgöz2, Assc. Prof.
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training & Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey

Chapter 13. The Prevention of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Serap Biberoğlu and Fatih Çakmak
Department of Emergency Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Türkey

Chapter 14. New and Promising Treatment Options in Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Seda Özkan, MD
Department of Emergency Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey

Index

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