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Table of Contents

Preface

Chapter 1. Cytochrome P450: Electron Transfer and Sensors
Frieder W. Scheller, Aysu Yarmana and Ulla Wollenberger

Chapter 2. Cytochrome P450-Mediated Toxicity of Therapeutic Drugs
Mariana Matias, Catarina Canário, Samuel Silvestre, Amílcar Falcão and Gilberto Alves

Chapter 3. Evaluation of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Drug Interactions
Xin Wang

Chapter 4. Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Atherosclerosis
Iryna Voloshyna and Allison B. Reiss

Chapter 5. Drug Resistance of Nucleos(t)ide Analogues and Related Adverse Events in Chronic Hepatitis B
Li Zong

Chapter 6. Metabolism, Interaction and Use Guidelines of Anti-HBV and Anti-HCV Medications
Jinsheng Guo and Jian Wu

Chapter 7. Role of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Psychotropic Drug Metabolism and Clinical Implications
Irina Piatkov and Trudi Jones

Chapter 8. Biogeochemistry of Thermokarst Lakes of Western Siberia
O. S. Pokrovsky, L. S. Shirokova and S. N. Kirpotin

Chapter 9. Liposome-Mediated Malaria Vaccine Development: More Than a Tour de Force
Rajeev K. Tyagi, Neeraj K. Garg and Tejram Sahu

Chapter 10. Liposomal Delivery of Antimicrobial Agents in Advances in Liposome Research
Claire Martin, Wan Li Low, Abhishek Gupta, Mohd Cairul Iqbal Mohd Amin, Iza Radecka, Prem Raj, Stephen Britland and Ken Kenward

Chapter 11. Trends on Microfluidic Liposome Production through Hydrodynamic Flow-Focusing and Microdroplet Techniques for Gene Delivery Applications
Lucimara Gaziola de la Torre, Tiago Albertini Balbino, Caroline Casagrande Sipoli, Micaela Tamara Vitor and Aline Furtado Oliveira

Chapter 12. Liposomes: Important Drug Carriers in Cancer Therapy
C. Vizentini-Silva, D.M. Ferreira and A.C. Tedesco

Chapter 13. Liposome Applications in the Veterinary Field
Monica Florin-Christensen, Anabel E. Rodriguez, Mariela L. Tomazic and Leonhard Schnittger

Chapter 14. Design of Liposomes with A pH-Sensitive Fluorescent Dye and Gramicidin Channels for Immune-Sensing
Atsushi Shoji·Misato Sakamoto and Masao Sugawara

Chapter 15. Synergistic Interaction and Cell Responses to Environmental Factor
Vladislav G. Petin and Jin Kyu Kim

Chapter 16. Ligand Interactions in Nuclear Receptors
Ana Carolina Mafud, Jademilson C. dos Santos and Alessandro S. Nascimento

Chapter 17. The Role of Chemokine Ligands in Human Health and Disease
Ning Li, Canhua Jiang, Feng Guo, Tong Su, Xinqun Chen, Lian Zheng and Xinchun Jian

Chapter 18. Calix[4]arene Methylene Bisphosphonic Acids as Effectors of Biochemical Processes
S. V. Komisarenko, S. O. Kosterin, E. V. Lugovskoy, S. O. Cherenok, V. Yu. Tanchuk, A. I. Vovk and V. I. Kalchenko

Chapter 19. Synthesis and Biological Applications of Tris(pyrazol-1-yl)-Methane and Borate Metal Complexes
Luísa M. D. R. S. Martins, Elisabete C. B. A. Alegria and Armando J. L. Pombeiro

Chapter 20. Coordination Engineering with 1,3,5-Triaza-7-Phosphaadamantane (PTA) towards Biologically Active Silver-Organic Frameworks
Piotr Smoleński

Chapter 21. Ligands and Starting Materials for Organic Synthesis
Kamran T. Mahmudov, Maximilian N. Kopylovich and Armando J. L. Pombeiro

Chapter 22. Powerful New Ligand Systems: Carbacylamidophosphates (CAPh) and Sulfonylamidophosphates (SAPh)
V. Amirkhanov, V. Ovchynnikov, V. Trush, P. Gawryszewska, and L. B. Jerzykiewicz

Chapter 23. Synthesis, Applications and Coordination Chemistry of Formazans
Yauhen Yu. Karabach and Maximilian N. Kopylovich

Chapter 24. N-acetylsalicylhydrazidate: A Versatile Ligand for the Synthesis of Higher Nuclearity Complexes
Manas Sutradhar and Armando J. L. Pombeiro

Chapter 25. Metabolism of Citric Acid Production by A. niger: Mathematical Modeling and Optimization
N. V. Torres, F. Alvarez-Vasquez and J. García

Chapter 26. Biotechnological Productions of Citric Acid
Nathalie Berezina

Chapter 27. Citrus Fruits Compounds and Ageing
Monireh Dashty

Chapter 28. Occurrence and Metabolism of Citric Acid by Lactic Acid Bacteria from Fruits and Fermented Beverages
Fabiana María Saguir and María Belén Pérez

Chapter 29. Citric Acid Treatment of Cancer: Principles and Philosophy
Alberto Halabe Bucay

Chapter 30. Polyvalent Lignin: Recent Approaches in Determination and Applications
Wanderley Dantas dos Santos, Rogério Marchiosi, Flávia Carolina Moreira Vilar, Rogério Barbosa Lima, Anderson Ricardo Soares, Ângela Valderrama Parizotto, Dyoni Matias de Oliveira and Osvaldo Ferrarese-Filho

Chapter 31. The DFRC (Derivatization Followed by Reductive Cleavage) Method and Its Applications for Lignin Characterization
Fachuang Lu and John Ralph

Chapter 32. Structural Characterization of Lignin by Syringyl to Guaiacyl Ratio and Molecular Mass Determination
František Kačík, Jaroslav Ďurkovič and Danica Kačíková

Chapter 33. Structural Characterization and Thermal Properties of Enzymatic Hydrolysis Lignins
Jia-Long Wen, Sheng Yang, Shao-Long Sun, Tong-Qi Yuan and Run-Cang Sun

Chapter 34. Fully Biodegradable Composites of Poly(butylene Succinate)/Enzymatic Hydrolysis Lignin: Structure, Thermal
and Mechanical Properties
Linli Xu, Lingdie Meng, Min Wu, Jiangxin Geng and Yong Huang

Chapter 35. Physicochemical Properties and Potential Applications of Lignins from Various Sources
Araceli García, Xabier Erdocia, María González Alriols and Jalel Labidi

Chapter 36. Kraft Lignins from Spent Cooking Liquors: Structural and Biotechnological Application
Carmen Fernández-Costas, Susana Gouveia, María Ángeles Sanromán and Diego Moldes

Chapter 37. Novel Developments on the Valorization of Lignin-Containing Paper Mill By-Products for the Preparation of Porous Biopolymers
Hervé Deleuze and Marc Birot

Chapter 38. Kraft Lignin As an Adsorbent to Remove Heavy Metal Ions from Water
Marina Šćiban and Mirjana Brdar

Chapter 39. Lignin-Based Thermoplastic Composites and Compatibilization Methods
Lei Hu, Tatjana Stevanovic and Denis Rodrigue

Chapter 40. Esterified Kraft Lignin: A Potential Coupling Agent for Wood Plastic Composites (WPC)
Nicolas Mariotti, Tatjana Stevanovic, Denis Rodrigue and Xiang-Ming Wang

Chapter 41. Comparison of Physicochemical and Thermal Properties of Esterified and Non-Esterified Kraft Lignins for Biocomposite Application
Diane Schorr, Papa Niokhor Diouf and Tatjana Stevanovic

Chapter 42. The Pyrolysis Behavior of Lignins: Contemporary Kinetics Overview
Bojan Ž. Janković

Chapter 43. Lignin Controls on Soil Ecosystem Services: Implications for Biotechnological Advances in Biofuel Crops
Shamim Gul, Sandra F. Yanni and Joann K. Whalen

Chapter 44. Optimization of the Media Volume, Aeration Rate and Inoculum Size for Sophorolipid Production from Candida bombicola ATCC 22214
Stephanie Grieb, Fred J. Rispoli and Vishal Shah

Chapter 45. Influence of Oleic Acid on Self-Assembled Liquid Crystalline Nanostructures
Intan Diana Mat Azmi and Anan Yaghmur

Chapter 46. Oleic Acid and Its Potential Health Effects
Igor Pravst, PhD

Chapter 47. Oleic Acid and Microbial Lipases: An Efficient Combination
Fabiano Jares Contesini, Danielle Branta Lopes, Elaine Berger Ceresino, Jose Valdo Madeira Junior, Paula Speranza, Francisco Fábio Cavalcante Barros and Ricardo Rodrigues de Melo

Chapter 48. Synthesis of Oleic Acid Alkyl Esters via Homogeneous Catalysis
Márcio José da Silva and Abiney Lemos Cardoso

Chapter 49. Effects of Temperature on Oleic Acid Percentage during Grain-Filling in Sunflowers and other Oil Crops => pp. 93-94
Rouxléne van der Merwe and Maryke Labuschagne

Chapter 50. The Effects of Dietary Arachidonic Acid (20:4n-6) on Growth, Survival and Hypersaline Stress Resistance in Larval Southern Flounder Paralichthys lethostigma (Jordan and Gilbert 1884)
Wade O. Watanabe, Troy C. Rezek, Moti Harel and Pamela J. Seaton

Chapter 51. Dietary Sources and Health Implications of Arachidonic Acid
Susana Vargas Martins, Cristina Mateus Alfaia, Paula Alexandra Lopes and José Mestre Prates

Chapter 52. Control of Intracellular Levels of Free Arachidonic Acid: A Target in Therapeutic or Preventive Strategies against Alzheimer’s Disease?
Mélanie H. Thomas, Sandra Pelleieux, Ahmad Allouche, Julie Colin, Thierry Oster, Catherine Malaplate-Armand and Jean Luc Olivier

Chapter 53. Arachidonic Acid, Cyclooxygenase and Hepatic Inflammation
Sura Wanessa Santos Rocha and Christina Alves Peixoto

Chapter 54. Effect of Arachidonic Acid and Its Producing Enzyme Phospholipase A2; on Key Oncogenic Pathways in Prostate Cancer
Sheng Hua, Chanlu Xie, Mu Yao and Qihan Dong

Chapter 55. Effects of Adipokines on Prostaglandin E2 Production by Rheumatoid Synovial Fibroblasts
Natsuko Kusunoki, Fumiaki Kojima and Shinichi Kawai

Chapter 56. Enhancing Butyrate Biosynthesis in the Gut for Health Benefits
Robert W. Li and Cong-Jun Li

Chapter 57. Butyrate and Intestinal Function
Jacqueline I. Alvarez-Leite and Edenil Costa Aguilar

Chapter 58. Large Bowel Short Chain Fatty Acid Production, Immune Status and Immune Cell Function: Implications for Chronic Inflammatory Disease
Kim Y. C. Fung, Leah Cosgrove, Julie Clarke, Trevor Lockett, Tatsuya Morita, Koji Hase and David Topping

Chapter 59. Butyrate Actions on Carcinogenesis: Focus on Epigenetic Mechanisms
Aline de Conti

Chapter 60. Potential Beneficial Effects of Butyrate against Food Allergy
Margherita Di Costanzo, Lorella Paparo, Rosita Aitoro, Linda Cosenza, Rita Nocerino, Tommaso Cozzolino, Vincenza Pezzella, Gianfranco Vallone and Roberto Berni Canani

Chapter 61. Short Chain Fatty Acids in Regulation of the Immune System and Tissue Inflammation in the Intestine
Myung H. Kim and Chang H. Kim

Chapter 62. Biological Effects of Sodium Butyrate in the Regulation of Gene Expression on Astrocytoma Cell Lines and Improvement of Therapies
Monika Garrido-Armas and Francisco Arenas-Huertero

Chapter 63. Butyrate, WNT Signaling and Colorectal Cancer
Michael Bordonaro and Darina L. Lazarova

Chapter 64. Butyrate-Mediated Protection against Colonic Inflammation and Colon Carcinogenesis: Role of Butyrate Transporters and Butyrate Receptors
Vadivel Ganapathy, Puttur D. Prasad, Muthusamy Thangaraju, Pamela M. Martin and Nagendra Singh

Chapter 65. Epigenetic Influence of Butyrate Producing Bacteria in Metabolic Syndrome
Marlene Remely, Ines Tesar and Alexander G. Haslberger

Chapter 66. Butyrate Facilitates Epigenetic Reprogramming
Justin E. Brier-Jones, Jason B. Kiroyan and Xiao-Bing Zhang

Chapter 67. Role and Function of Short Chain Fatty Acids in Rumen Epithelial Metabolism, Development and Importance of the Rumen Epithelium in Understanding Control of Transcriptome
Ransom L. Baldwin and Kyle R. McLeod

Chapter 68. Regulation of Cellular Processes by Epigenetic Mechanisms of Butyrate
Kasturi Ranganna, Omana P. Mathew and Shirlette G. Milton

Chapter 69. Butyrate: A Dietary Inhibitor of Histone Deacetylases and an Epigenetic Regulator
Cong-Jun Li, Robert W. Li, Ransom L. Baldwin and Theodore H. Elsasser

Chapter 70. Covalent Modification of Hyaluronan by Serum Protein and Its Biological Consequence
Lisheng Zhuo and Koji Kimata

Chapter 71. Aging and Hyaluronan
Mamatha Damodarasamy and May J. Reed

Chapter 72. Biological Synthesis and Catabolism of Hyaluronic Acid during Carcinogenesis
Rajeev K. Boregowda and Shib Das Banerjee

Chapter 73. Hyaluronidases: Biological Features and Current Therapeutic Applications
R. Gazzola, G. Colombo, S. Marcelli and L. Vaienti

Chapter 74. In vitro Characterization and Ophthalmic Applications of Hyaluronan
X. Michael Liu, Patricia S. Harmon, E. Peter Maziarz and John W. Sheets

Chapter 75. The Role and Use of Hyaluronan in Reproductive Medicine
Barbara Pregl Breznik, Borut Kovačič and Veljko Vlaisavljević

Chapter 76. Hyaluronan-Coated Bone Graft Substitutes and Their Osteoconductive Properties
Stephan Reitinger, Robert G. Stigler and Günter Lepperdinger

Chapter 77. Agricultural By-Products As Important Food Sources of Polyphenols
Jianmei Yu, Mohamed Ahmedna and Rishipal R. Bansode

Chapter 78. The Role of Polyphenols in the Prevention of Ultraviolet Light Induced Inflammation and Immunosuppression: A Key Process in Photocarcinogenesis
B. S. Romi Bloom and Kyle T. Amber, MD

Chapter 79. Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis): A Psycho-Stimulant Plant with Anti-Oxidant Properties
Isabel Andújar, Guillermo R. Schinella and José Luis Ríos

Chapter 80. Mediterranean Diet: A Precious Tool for Fighting Inflammatory Diseases
Marcelo D. Catarino, Jorge M. Alves-Silva, Olívia R. Pereira and Susana M. Cardoso

Chapter 81. Plant Polyphenols and Human Health
Simona Martinotti, Giorgio Calabrese and Elia Ranzato

Chapter 82. Industrial Apple Pomace: A Rich Source of Anti-Inflammatory Polyphenols
Huawei Zhang and Xuelian Bai

Chapter 83. Bioactive Compounds from Different Food Sources: Biosynthesis, Occurrence and Potential Health Benefits
José S. Câmara, José Figueira, Rosa Perestrelo, Catarina Silva and Jorge Pereira

Chapter 84. Role of Polyphenols in Human Disease
Ramón Rodrigo, Matías Libuy, Felipe Feliú and Daniel Hasson

Chapter 85. Polyphenols in Cardiovascular Diseases: Mechanism of Action
Juan Guillermo Gormaz and Jaime Enrique Valle

Chapter 86. Influence of Extraction Methods on Stability of Polyphenols
Magdalena Biesaga, Katarzyna Czaplicka, Tatiana Gilevska and Krystyna Pyrzynska

Chapter 87. Bioactivity of Polyphenolic Rich Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals from the Tropical Island of Mauritius
Vidushi S. Neergheen-Bhujun, Beesoo Rima and Theeshan Bahorun

Chapter 88. Neurovascular Pathways to Neurodegeneration Induced by Kainic Acid
Sumit Sarkar, James Raymick, Dushyant Mann, John F. Bowyer, Larry C. Schmued and Srinivasulu Chigurupati

Chapter 89. Expression of GluR6, A Kainate Receptor, in Human Lymphocytes
Elena Marusich, PhD, Jean-Pierre Louboutin, MD, PhD and David S. Strayer, MD, PhD

Chapter 90. Progress in the Synthesis of (-)-α-Kainic Acid
Nandeo Choony, Lisa James and Courtney Rabun

Chapter 91. Molecular Pharmacology of Environmental Neurotoxins
Sushil Sharma

Chapter 92. The Effect of Kainic Acid on the Rat Brain: Histological, Electron-Microscopical and Two-Photon Microscopical Study
Mzia G. Zhvania, Tamar G. Lordkipanidze, Maia Kiladze, Nadezhda J. Japaridze, Nato Kotaria and Tamar Z. Bikashvili

Chapter 93. Exposure to Kainic Acid Leads to the Development of Seizures and Memory Deficits in Rats
Musa V. Mabandla and Lihle Qulu

Chapter 94. Fatty Acids in Vascular Health
Reggie Hui-Chao Lee, Carl S. Wilkins, Alexandre Couto e Silva, Stephen E. Valido, Celeste Yin-Chieh Wu and Hung Wen Lin

Chapter 95. Occurrence, Biochemical, Antimicrobial and Health Effects of Palmitic Acid
Melissa Johnson and Daniel A. Abugri

Chapter 96. Palmitic Acid: Effect of Diet Supplementation and Occurrence in Animal Origin Food
P. G. Peiretti

Chapter 97. General Aspects of Palmitic Acid
Deusdélia Teixeira de Almeida, Mariana Melo Costa and Sabrina Feitosa

Chapter 98. Palmitic Acid As a Cardiometabolic Risk Factor
Danijela Ristić-Medić and Vesna Vučić

Chapter 99. Palmitic Acid in Higher Plant Lipids
R. A. Sidorov, A. V. Zhukov, V. P. Pchelkin and V. D. Tsydendambaev

Chapter 100. Palmitic Acid in Infant Nutrition
Fabiana Bar-Yoseph, Yael Lifshitz, Tzafra Cohen and Ita Litmanovitz

Chapter 101. Processing of Palmitic Acid and Its Derivatives Using Supercritical Fluids
C. E. Schwarz

Chapter 102. Palmitic Acid in Tunisian Olive Oil: Updating and Perspective
Ghayth Rigane and Ridha Ben Salem

Chapter 103. An Overview of the Methanogenesis Process Occurrence in Natural and Engineered Environments
Gagik Badalians Gholikandi and Hamed Rasouli Sadabad

Chapter 104. Nonbacterial Biotic Methanogenesis, Possible Mechanisms and Significance
Eszter Tuboly, András Mészáros and Mihály Boros

Chapter 105. Methane Production Yield and Performance Assessment of Conventional and Electrolysis-Enhanced ABR (EABR)
Gagik Badalians Gholikandi and Shervin Jamshidi

Chapter 106. Mathematical Modeling of Acetoclastic Methanogenesis in Two-Phase Biogas-Plants
Ivo Muha, Johannes Schneider and Gabriel Wittum

Chapter 107. The Anaerobic Sludge Digestion Process
Hamidreza Masihi, Gagik Badalians Gholikandi and Mohammad Azimipour

Chapter 108. Bioenergy Generation: Methanogenesis in Bio-Electrochemical Systems
Zahra Tizmaghz, Amirreza Arashi and Gagik Badalians Gholikandi

Chapter 109. Biogas Production with Emphasis on Methanogenesis Process: An Investigative View to Applications of Artificial Neural Networks Modeling
Mohammad Azimipour, Gagik Badalians Gholikandi and Hamidreza Masihi

Chapter 110. Staphylococcal Biofilm Formation and Development: Related Diseases, Host Immune Responses and Therapy
Livia Visai, Davide Ferrari, E. Magda Barbu, Xiaowen Liang, Vannakambadi K. Ganesh, Magnus Höök and Marcello Imbriani

Chapter 111. Bacterial Biofilms and Role of the Second Messenger Cyclic-Di-GMP
Michelle A. Stan and Raymond J. Turner

Chapter 112. Multidrug Transporter Proteins of the Major Facilitator Superfamily: Not Only for Drug Efflux
Kamela O. Alegre, Stephanie Paul and Christopher J. Law

Chapter 113. Adaptation of Bacterial Cells to Toxic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Rivka Cahan, Esti Michael and Nissim Swissa

Chapter 114. Hfq-Like RNA Chaperones and Small Non-Coding Regulatory RNAs: A New Paradigm of Bacterial Gene Regulation
Jorge H. Leitão, Christian G. Ramos, Joana R. Feliciano, Sílvia A. Sousa, André M. Grilo and Paulo J. P. da Costa

Chapter 115. Effects of the Cytolethal Distending Toxin from Gram-Negative Bacteria on Mammalian Cells
Elisabeth Bezine, Julien Vignard and Gladys Mirey

Chapter 116. Cytotoxic Properties and Medical Usages of Cyt Toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis Subsp. Israelensis
Shmuel Cohen

Chapter 117. The Novel Plasmids of Botulinum Neurotoxigenic Clostridia
Giovanna Franciosa, Angelo Iacobino and Concetta Scalfaro

Chapter 118. Sensitivity of Bacteria to Photodynamic Chemotherapy
Marina Nisnevitch and Faina Nakonechny

Chapter 119. Monod’s Bacterial Growth Model. Kinetic Arguments for “Simple, but Not Too Simple”
Vlad Tudor Popa

Chapter 120. Genetic, Health and Environmental Impacts Caused by Glyphosate in Ecuador
César Paz-y-Miño and Andrés López-Cortés

Chapter 121. Anthocyanins in Mediterranean Diet: Common and Innovative Sources
Lucia Guidi, Consuelo Penella and Marco Landi

Chapter 122. Different Tools to Enhance Grape and Wine Anthocyanin Content
J. Portu, N. López-Giral, R. López, L. González-Arenzana, C. González-Ferrero, I. López-Alfaro, P. Santamaría and T. Garde-Cerdán

Chapter 123. Grape Anthocyanins: Biosynthesis, Composition and Content in Different Wine Grape Varieties (Vitis vinifera L.)
António M. Jordão and Fernanda Cosme

Chapter 124. Anthocyanin Profile and Their Evolution during the Winemaking of Sweet Red Wines
Ana Marquez, Maria P. Serratosa and Julieta Merida

Chapter 125. The Effect of Anthocyanins about Cardiovascular Disease Risk
N. Manresa, PhD, J. Mulero, PhD, P. Selvi, PhD, M. Losada, PhD, and P. Zafrilla, PhD

Chapter 126. Anthocyanins from Vaccinium Species: Potential Health Effects, Bioaccessibility and Use in Food Industry
Monica R. Loizzo, Rosa Tundis and Francesco Menichini

Chapter 127. Study of Anthocyanin Profile for Valorization of Autochthonous Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Cultivars of the Emilia Romagna Region
Giuseppe Montevecchi, Giuseppe Vasile Simone, Valentina Matrella, Francesca Masino, Serena Anna Imazio, Andrea Antonelli and Cristina Bignami

Chapter 128. Anthocyanins: Chemical Features, Food Sources and Health Benefits
Gabriela Elisa Hirsch and Leo Anderson Meira Martins

Chapter 129. Effect of Processing on Anthocyanins in Fruits
Luciani Tatsch Piemolini-Barreto and Ivana Greice Sandri

Chapter 130. Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Anthocyanins: Extraction, and Preventive Effect on Acute and Sub-Acute Alcoholic Liver Damage
Taihua Mu, Hongnan Sun and Xingli Liu

Chapter 131. Structure, Composition and Bioactivities of Anthocyanins in Vegetables and Fruits
Hongyan Li and Ze-yuan Deng

Chapter 132. The Antioxidants From Amazon: Status and Perspectives
Angela Andrea González Villa, Laura Vanessa Daza Serna and Carlos Ariel Cardona Alzate

Chapter 133. Analysis of the Industrial Production of Antioxidants from Tropical Fruits
Javier A. Davila, Angela M. Idarraga and Carlos A. Cardona

Chapter 134. Anthocyanins: Food Sources and Benefits to Consumer’s Health
Patricio Ramos, Raul Herrera and María Alejandra Moya-León

Chapter 135. Anthocyanins and Other Flavonoids in Dried Fruits of the Mediterranean Area
Antonia Chiou, Eirini A. Panagopoulou and Vaios T. Karathanos

Chapter 136. Pigmented Maizes: Anthocyanin Profile and Content
Anayansi Escalante-Aburto, Patricia Isabel Torres-Chávez, Benjamín Ramírez-Wong and Néstor Ponce-García

Chapter 137. Effects of Black Currant Anthocyanins on Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy
Kaori Yoshida and Hiroshi Ohguro

Chapter 138. Introduction: Bisphenol A Exposure and Human Health
Prusothman Yoganantharajah and Yann Gibert

Chapter 139. Potential Applications and Adverse Effects of Bisphenol A in Humans
A. H. Bhat, Y. K. Dasan, I. U. Haque and A. Ahmad

Chapter 140. BPA Evaluation in Human Samples
Luísa Correia-Sá, Conceição Calhau, Cristina Delerue-Matos and Valentina Fernandes Domingues

Chapter 141. Human Exposure of Bisphenol A: Review of the Urinary Biomarker Levels in the General Population
Catherine Pirard and Corinne Charlier

Chapter 142. BPA Signaling through Non-Canonical Receptors
Vincent Laudet and Gabriel Livera

Chapter 143. Early-Life Exposure of Bisphenol A and Obesity
Kirstie A. De Jong, Ken Walder and Yann Gibert

Chapter 144. The Tooth, Target Organ of Bisphenol A, Could Be Used As a Biomarker of Exposure to This Agent
Katia Jedeon, Ariane Berdal and Sylvie Babajko

Chapter 145. Immune Functions and Consequences of Bisphenol-A Exposure
James A. Rogers and V. Wee Yong

Chapter 146. Influence of Bisphenol on Developing Rat Estrogen Receptors and Some Cytokines in Rats: A Two-Generational Study
Z. X. Gao, S. Miao and N. Liu

Chapter 147. Implications of Oxidative Stress in Chronic Diseases, Benefits of Ferulic Acid to the Health and Effect of Heat Treatment on Its Antioxidant Potential
Miriam Rejane Bonilla Lemos, Rui Carlos Zambiazi, Mara Sirlei L. Peres and Gino Luigi B. L. Pizzi

Chapter 148. Uses and Potential Applications of Ferulic Acid
Ronan Batista, PhD

Chapter 149. Multiple Biological Effects of Ferulic Acid: Focus on Promising Antidepressant Benefits
Ana Lúcia Bertarello Zeni

Chapter 150. Anti-Diabetic Effect of Ferulic Acid and Derivatives: An Update
Indu Parmar, Khushwant S. Bhullar and H. P. Vasantha Rupasinghe

Chapter 151. Beneficial Properties of Ferulic Acid From Different Vegetable Sources
C. V. Vallejo, F. M. Saguir, P. A. Aredes-Fernandez and M. J. Rodríguez-Vaquero

Chapter 152. Antioxidant Capacity of Enzymatically Modified Ferulated Arabinoxylans and Their Gels
Jorge A. Marquez-Escalante, Ana Luisa Martínez-López, Elizabeth Carvajal-Millan, Yolanda L. López-Franco, Jaime Lizardi-Mendoza, Elisa M. Valenzuela-Soto, Agustín Rascón-Chu and Craig Faulds

Chapter 153. Ferulated Arabinoxylans Recovered from Low-Value Maize By-Products: Gelation and Antioxidant Capacity
Rita Paz-Samaniego, Mayra Méndez-Encinas, José Miguel Fierro-Islas, Jorge Marquez-Escalante, Agustín Rascón-Chu, Ana Luisa Martinez-Lopez, and Elizabeth Carvajal-Millan

Chapter 154. Glutathione: Stress-Alleviation Role in Plants and Human, and Prospects in Analytical Chemistry and Nanobiotechnology
Ondrej Zitka, Naser A. Anjum, E. M. Planells, Petr Michalek, Eduarda Pereira, Jorge Molina-Lopez, Iqbal Ahmad, Vojtech Adam and Rene Kizek

Chapter 155. Actions of Glutathione in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, Including Periodontitis: Dietary Agonists
M. Soory

Chapter 156. Contribution of Glutathione-S-Transferases to the Pharmacogenetics of Azathioprine
Gabriele Stocco, Marco Pelin, Raffaella Franca, Sara De Iudicibus, Eva Cuzzoni, Diego Favretto, Luigi Candussio, Stefano Martelossi, Alessandro Ventura and Giuliana Decorti

Chapter 157. Glucocorticoids Inhibit Programmed Cell Death Induced by Glutathione Depletion in Neuronal-Like PC 12 Cells
Edith Debroas, Aurélie Gallimard and Dominique Duval

Chapter 158. Thiol Metabolic Changes Induced by Oxidative Stress and Possible Role of B-Vitamins Supplements in Esophageal Cancer Patients
Roberto Carlos Burini, Vânia Cristina Lamônica, Fernando Moreto, Yong-Ming Yu, and Maria Aparecida Coelho Arruda Henry

Chapter 159. Glutathione As Preventive and Therapeutic Target of Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma and Its Regulation by Carnosol, a Functional Food Ingredient
Yo-ichi Ishida, Chizuko Yukizaki, Akihiko Okayama, and Hiroaki Kataoka

Chapter 160. Glutathione Food Supplementation: Present Situation in Thailand
Beuy Joob and Viroj Wiwanitkit

Chapter 161. Possible Role of Oxidative Stress and Glutathione S-Transferase Gene Polymorphisms in Etiopathogenesis of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Chronic Complications
Jarmila Vojtková, Miriam Čiljaková and Peter Bánovčin

Chapter 162. Acetaldehyde in Alcoholic Liver Disease
Wei Zhong and Zhanxiang Zhou

Chapter 163. Acetaldehyde and Ion Channels
Astrid G. Handlechner, Thomas M. Weiger and Anton Hermann

Chapter 164. Acetaldehyde Formation and Accumulation: Toxic Effects on Reproductive Target Tissues during Alcohol Drinking
J. A. Castro and G. D. Castro

Chapter 165. Electret Ion Chambers for Characterizing Indoor, Outdoor, Geologic and Other Sources of Radon
Payasada Kotrappa, PhD

Chapter 166. Space-Time Distribution of Radon-222 from Groundwater-Streamflow-Atmosphere Interactions in the Karst Systems of the Campania Region (Southern Italy)
Michele Guida, Domenico Guida and Albina Cuomo

Chapter 167. History-Radon-Geology Connections
I. Burian, J. Merta and P. Otahal

Chapter 168. Efficiency of Four Different Methods of Ventilation for Radon Mitigation in Houses
Lydia Leleyter, Benoît Riffault, Benoît Basset, Mélanie Lemoine, Hakim Hamdoun and Fabienne Baraud

Chapter 169. The Use of Radon and Thoron in Balneotherapy
Fábio Tadeu Lazzerini and Daniel Marcos Bonotto

Chapter 170. The Possible Applications of Radon Inhalation Treatment As Antioxidant Therapy for Hepatopathy
Takahiro Kataoka, Akihiro Sakoda, Reo Etani, Yuu Ishimori, Fumihiro Mitsunobu and Kiyonori Yamaoka

Chapter 171. Radon in Tap Water in the Territory of Tbilisi City
Nodar Kekelidze, Teimuraz Jakhutashvili, Eremia Tulashvili, Manana Chkhaidze, Zaur Berishvili, Lela Mtsariashvili and Irina Ambokadze

Chapter 172. Radon in Water — Hydrogeology and Health Implication
N. Todorović, J. Nikolov, T. Petrović Pantić, J. Kovačević, I. Stojković and M. Krmar

Chapter 173. Indoor Radon Activity Concentration Measurement Using Charcoal Canister
G. Pantelić, M. Živanović, J. Krneta Nikolić, M. Eremić Savković, M. Rajačić and D. Todorović

Chapter 174. Methods of Radon Measurement
J. Nikolov, N. Todorović, S. Forkapić, I. Bikit, M. Vesković, M. Krmar, D. Mrđa and K. Bikit

Chapter 175. Radon Buildup in Dwellings, Spas and Caves: Facts and Interpretations
I. Bikit, S. Forkapic, D. Mrdja, K. Bikit, N. Todorovic and J. Nikolov

Chapter 176. The Analysis of Radon Diffusion, Emanation and Adsorption on Different Types of Materials
Sofija Forkapić, Dušan Mrđa, Ištvan Bikit, Kristina Bikit, Selena Grujić and Uranija Kozmidis-Luburić

Index