A Comprehensive Guide to Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

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Series: Pharmacology – Research, Safety Testing and Regulation
BISAC: MED071000

A Comprehensive Guide to Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) begins by describing the general characteristics, classification, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, clinical uses and adverse effects of NSAIDs. The adverse effects of NSAIDs, drug interactions and their clinical applications in neurological diseases, headaches, and cerebrovascular diseases are discussed. These drugs are also often used in dermatology, especially in the treatment of dermatosis. Extensive information concerning NSAIDs and dermatological diseases is provided. A broad perspective on the role of NSAIDs in infectious diseases is also provided.

The next chapter discusses findings concerning the effects of NSAIDs on bone and tendon healing, together with cellular and molecular factors. The authors suggest that NSAIDs may be a risk factor for tissue healing. Diclofenac sodium (DS), widely used in urology clinics, exhibits dose-dependent side effects on various systems. This chapter suggests that nanoparticle technology can be applied to the oral form of DS in order to reduce its side-effects. The effects of NSAIDs on the reproductive systems of both sexes are also evaluated. Both genders make extensive use of NSAIDs during infertility treatment.
Another chapter focuses on how DS affects spermatogenesis. The authors suggest that DS causes histopathological changes in the testes by disrupting the nutrition of testicular cells and impairing complete testis functions. Men wishing to have children should therefore use this drug with caution. The authors also review the effects of NSAIDs on prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer.

In the following chapter, the authors examine the role of NSAIDs in gynaecology and obstetrics. Advances in the use of NSAIDs and melatonin in reproductive medicine for both sexes are discussed. The authors describe the biological roles of NSAIDs and melatonin in human reproduction, diseases, pregnancy, and assisted reproductive treatment. The subsequent chapter highlights the side-effects of NSAIDs on the gastrointestinal system.

This book goes on to assess how DS affects the nervous system in the light of molecular and cellular analysis. The authors first explore the dose-dependent effects of DS on the nervous system. They then examine the potential neuroprotective / neurotoxic effects of DS on the nervous system, including the spinal cord, brain, cerebellum and peripheral nerves. The effects of DS on the adult hippocampus are assessed based on experimental studies. The purpose of this section is to highlight the relationship between oxidative stresses and the role of antioxidants in reducing DS toxicity. The importance of melatonin administration against pre- and postnatal DS toxicity in the nervous system is evaluated in several chapters. Recent findings suggest that prenatal exposure to NSAIDs causes an alteration in the morphology of optic nerve fibres based on stereological, histological and electron microscopic analysis.

The authors evaluate histomorphometric results from light and electron microscopic analysis of the effects of prenatal DS exposure on male fertility. Numerous studies have shown that all elements of the male system are affected by this exposure. Lastly, the authors specifically focus on Sertoli cells and suggest that prenatal DS exposure produces toxic effects on Sertoli cell morphology.

Table of Contents

Preface

Chapter 1. NSAIDs: General Characteristics, Classification, Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics, Clinical Uses and Adverse Effects
Abdurrahman Aksoy PhD, DVM, Yavuz Kursad Das PhD, DVM

Chapter 2. Adverse Effects of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and Drug Interactions
Ayse Arzu Sayın Sakul MD, PhD

Chapter 3. Paracetamol and Salicylate Intoxications/Pharmacological and Clinical Features Treatment and Management
Ayse Arzu Sayın Sakul MD, PhD

Chapter 4. The Use of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in Neurological Diseases
Sedat Şen, MD (Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey), Faruk Tan, MD (Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey), Murat Terzi MD (Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey), Sümeyye Koç MD, Özlem Kurt, MD (Department of Medical İllustration, Institute of Health Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey)

Chapter 5. The Use of Nonsteroid Anti-inflammatory Drugs in Headaches
Nurhan Kaya Tutar MD, Nilufer Kale MD

Chapter 6. The Use of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Cerebrovascular Diseases
Caner Feyzi Demir PhD, Irem Tasci MD

Chapter 7. Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Use in Dermatology
Esra Pancar Yuksel MD

Chapter 8. Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs from an Infectious Diseases Perspective
Fatih Temoçin MD, Aynur Atilla MD

Chapter 9. Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Effects on Fracture Healing
Ahmet Pişkin MD, Hüseyin Sina Coşkun MD, İsmail Büyükceran MD

Chapter 10. Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Effects on Tendinosis and Tendon Healing
HĂĽseyin Sina CoĹźkun MD, Ahmet PiĹźkin MD

Chapter 11. Using Diclofenac Sodium as a Drug in an Urology Clinic
Mahmut Ulubay MD

Chapter 12. Effects of Diclofenac on Spermatogenesis
Ekrem Akdeniz MD

Chapter 13. Prostatic Diseases and Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs
Mahmut Ulubay MD, Ekrem Akdeniz MD

Chapter 14. Use of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Gynecology and Obstetrics
Devran Bıldırcın Gökyar MD and Ayse Zehra Özdemir MD

Chapter 15. The Use of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Melatonin in Reproductive Medicine
Seda Karabulut PhD and İlknur Keskin MD, PhD

Chapter 16. Side Effects of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs on Gastrointestinal System
Kasım Demir MD

Chapter 17. Dose-Dependent Effects of Diclofenac Sodium on the Nervous System
Arife Ahsen Kaplan MSc, Kıymet Kübra Yurt PhD, Abdullah Hilmi Marangoz MD, Murat Çetin Ragbetli PhD, Suleyman Kaplan PhD

Chapter 18. Diclofenac Sodium and Hippocampus: A Brief Evaluation
Hosam Eldeen E. Gasmalla PhD, Kıymet Kübra Yurt PhD, Mohamed Abdelsalam Nurein PhD , Süleyman Kaplan PhD

Chapter 19. Melatonin Neuroprotection of the Hippocampus Exposed to Diclofenac Sodium during Pre- and Postnatal Life
Kiymet KĂĽbra Yurt PhD and SĂĽleyman Kaplan PhD

Chapter 20. Prenatal Administration of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Optic Nerve Development
Elfide Gizem Kıvrak PhD, Arife Ahsen Kaplan MSc, Kıymet Kübra Yurt PhD, Suleyman Kaplan PhD

Chapter 21. Peripheral Nerve System Development, Diclofenac Sodium Toxicity, and Melatonin Protection
İlknur Keskin PhD, Işınsu Alkan PhD, Mustafa Keskin MD, Süleyman Kaplan PhD

Chapter 22. Peripheral Nerve System and Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs: Molecular, Morphological, and Clinical Approaches
Gamze Altun MSc, Arife Ahsen Kaplan MSc, Kıymet Kübra Yurt PhD, Süleyman Kaplan PhD

Chapter 23. Prenatal Diclofenac Sodium Exposure and Newborn Testis: Histomorphometric, Light and Electron Microscopic Evaluation
M. Başak Ulkay PhD, Abit Aktaş PhD, Işınsu Alkan PhD, Arife Ahsen Kaplan MSc, Ömür Gülsüm Deniz PhD, Süleyman Kaplan PhD

Chapter 24. Prenatal Diclofenac Sodium Exposure and Sertoli Cells: A Light and Electron Microscopic Evaluation
Ömür Gülsüm Deniz PhD, Arife Ahsen Kaplan MSc, Ebru Annaç PhD, Kıymet Kübra Yurt PhD , Suleyman Kaplan PhD

Chapter 25. Organometallic Rhenium (I) Complexes of Some Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (ReNSAIDs): Synthesis, Characterizations, and DNA-Binding Studies
Angela J. Winstead, Dolapo Nurudeen, Khayra Alabrash, Ayanna M. Culmer-Gilbert, John-Paul T. Akinbami, Tiara V. Hinton, Sabreea Parnell, Birsen Y. Varisli1, Christopher Krauss, Gregory K. Haynes, Fasil A. Abebe, Yongchao Zhang, Pumtiwitt McCarthy, Jiangnan Peng, Peter Y. Zavalij, Jeanette A. Krause, Santosh K. Mandal

Index

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