Table of Contents

ABSTRACT

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) is one of the most common medical illnesses, with a 12% prevalence among the US population, 18 years or older. Cardiovascular disease (CVD), including a broad array of conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels, is the most common cause of mortality [1-3]. Atherosclerotic CVD encompasses the spectrum of coronary artery disease (CAD), cerebrovascular disease CVD), aortic atherosclerosis, and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). CVDs and T2DM are closely linked. CVD and T2DM are among the most common morbidities in most countries. They share many common risk factors, and management of one depends on the presence/absence of the other. The prevalence of CVD (meaning hypertension, CAD, heart failure, and stroke) is 49% overall in most developed countries, among adults aged 20 years or older, and 40% of these are isolated hypertension [1-3]. Many of these patients may have associated chronic kidney disease (CKD). This communication aims to highlight the new advancements in the management of CVDs and CKD among patients with T2DM.