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Quick ViewForfeiture has long been an effective law enforcement tool. Congress and state legislatures have authorized its use for over 200 years. Every year, it redirects property worth billions of dollars from criminal to lawful uses. Forfeiture law has always been somewhat unique. By the close of the 20th century, however, legislative bodies, commentators, and the…
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Quick ViewFrom its inception more than 100 years ago, fingerprint technology has come a long way. This book provides background on and traces the recent history of automated fingerprint identification systems. Included in the book is a brief examination of standards and the role of algorithms. In its history, fingerprints have been used to identify criminal…
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Quick ViewWhy do we need to focus on crime and violence prevention in children, adolescents and young adults? Because it is vital to start when offending behaviours first appear. If we fail to stop initial acts of antisocial tendencies and criminality, then these actions become the staging point for a life-long trajectory into adult crime. Breaking…
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Quick ViewIn this compilation, the authors open by reviewing some concepts that must be clear when we think about ways to help the civil law system to introduce the restorative practices in the criminal law system. Additionally, the authors compare European Union criminal law to the classical meaning of criminal law. The historical development of supranational…
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Quick ViewOffender rehabilitation theory and practice have traditionally focused on curing “offenders” of their deviant tendencies by changing their habits, opportunities, personality and outlook on life. Consequently, a number of interventions have been developed within the criminal justice system that are said to be involved in helping offenders. Success is measured by recidivism rates. To this…
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Quick ViewThe Bureau of Prisons (BOP) is the largest correctional agency in the country in terms of the number of prisoners under its jurisdiction. BOP must confine any offender convicted and sentenced to a term of imprisonment in a federal court. Our justice system must both be fair in reality and perceived as fair. Part of…
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Quick ViewIn February 2015, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) adopted an order that will impose rules governing the management of Internet traffic as it passes over broadband Internet access services (BIAS), whether those services are fixed or wireless. The rules are commonly known as “net neutrality” rules. The order was released in March 2015. According to…
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Quick ViewIn the wake of September 11, 2001, proactive engagement with the Arab and Muslim-American community became a new, distinct, and national civil rights priority for federal government enforcement components. This book examines the methods, goals and effectiveness of the federal government’s engagement with Arab and Muslim-American individuals and communities. Specifically, the book focuses on actions…
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Quick ViewLandpower, defined here as “the ability—by threat, force, or occupation—to exploit control over land, resources, and people,” offers policymakers significant utility in peace, crisis, or war. This book provides better understanding of Landpower essential if national leaders are to have a full range of policy options for protecting and promoting the nation’s interests in the…
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Quick ViewWhistleblowers help safeguard the federal government against waste, fraud, and abuse — however, they also risk retaliation by their employers. For example, in 2002, a former FBI agent allegedly suffered retaliation after disclosing that colleagues had stolen items from Ground Zero following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. The Department of Justice (DOJ) found in…
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Quick ViewStudies show that up to 85 percent of youth in juvenile detention facilities have disabilities that make them eligible for special education services, yet only 37 percent receive these services while in school. A disproportionate percentage of these detained youth are youth of color. These statistics should lead to the conclusion that many disabled youth…
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Quick ViewAn employer’s use of an individual’s criminal history in making employment decisions may, in some instances, violate the prohibition against employment discrimination under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended. This book discusses how criminal record information is collected and recorded, why employers use criminal records, and the EEOC’s interest in…
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Quick ViewTrust between law enforcement agencies and the people they protect and serve is essential in a democracy. It is key to the stability of our communities, the integrity of our criminal justice system, and the safe and effective delivery of policing services. In light of events that exposed rifts in the relationships between local police…
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Quick ViewSupervised release is the successor to parole in the federal criminal justice system. In 1984, Congress eliminated parole to create a more determinate federal sentencing structure. In its place, Congress instituted a system of supervised release, which applies to all federal crimes committed after November 1, 1987. Both parole and supervised release call for a…
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Quick ViewRecent events involving conflict between the police and citizens have generated interest in what role Congress could play in facilitating efforts to build trust between law enforcement and the people they serve while promoting effective crime reduction. This book provides a brief overview of police-community relations and how the federal government might be able to…
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Quick ViewThe Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) administers and enforces the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) as it pertains to ensuring the availability of controlled substances, including certain prescription drugs, for legitimate use while limiting their availability for abuse and diversion. The CSA requires those handling controlled substances to register with DEA. This book examines to what extent…
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Quick ViewThe Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates that more than $680 billion is needed to repair and replace water and wastewater infrastructure nationwide over the next 20 years. Under the Clean Water Act and Safe Drinking Water Act, the federal government contributes some funding to states through EPA’s Clean Water and Drinking Water state revolving funds…
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Quick ViewMuch of the mental health legislation in the Pacific region is archaic, pays no attention to the rights of mental health consumers and is long overdue for reform. A small number of countries in the Pacific has recently undertaken such reform. This work analyses the provisions of past and present mental health statutes in selected…
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Quick ViewThis book discusses strategies, management and potential risks of policing. Chapter One describes and examines the ‘Policing Excellence’ and ‘Prevention First’ programs, and will discuss their successes and challenges since their introduction in 2009 in New Zealand. Chapter Two analyzes the action of the Military Police of Minas Gerais (PMMG) during the World Cup protests…
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Quick ViewArbitration is the process by which a difference among parties as to their mutual legal rights is referred and determined with a binding effect by the application of law through an arbitral tribunal instead of a court. Arbitration enhances access to justice by permitting claimants to bring claims they could not afford to bring in…
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Quick ViewThis book provides new research on police. Chapter One examines if newspaper reporting of crime in a given jurisdiction affects the levels of racial bias in the local police’s traffic stop behavior. Chapter Two presents contemporary expectations of physical fitness in law enforcement. Chapter Three reviews the applications of predictive analytics for crime prevention. (Imprint:…
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Quick ViewThis book focuses on the enforcement of foreign arbitral awards under the New York Convention. The importance of this book stems from the critical role arbitration plays as a peaceful means to settle international trade disputes. In fact, the effectiveness of international arbitration depends on whether awards can be enforced against the losing party. Therefore,…
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Quick ViewMore than at any other time in history, today, law governs us all. As a result, some level of knowledge of the law is becoming increasingly important at all levels. It is especially useful for students of law, international relations, politics, and social sciences. International professionals as well as civil society organizations also benefit from…
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Quick ViewNew scenarios present in the sea require new legal and political approaches, because the rules governing these spaces have been out of place or new rules have arisen that require mitigation. Old aspects require new interpretations without prejudice of new uses not foreseen or contemplated in the frame of the Law of the Sea. In…
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