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Quick ViewMethylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) is a key enzyme involved in the folate pathway. Folate, a water soluble B vitamin, naturally present in fruits and vegetables, is a critical methyl donor for several molecular pathways necessary for cellular replication and maintenance. The authors of this book examine the importance of MTHFR in health and disease, including the…
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Quick ViewThe mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) is a secondary metabolite of certain fungi that may be present in food and feed. Consumption of contaminated food or feed may be harmful for humans and animals. This book aims at giving an overview of several aspects of OTA and the public and economic benefits of reducing OTA contamination…
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Quick ViewMatrix metalloproteases (MMPs) include a group of enzymes important in the degradation of components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and are thought to be universally related to pathology. This book examines the relationship between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and oral pathologies, including oral squamous cell carcinoma and separately, atherosclerosis. The molecular mechanisms regarding MMPs activation and…
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Quick ViewThe fields of study in which random fluctuations arise and cannot be ignored are as disparate and numerous as there are synonyms for the word “noise.” In the nearly two centuries following the discovery of what has come to be known as Brownian motion, named in homage to botanist Robert Brown, scientists, engineers, financial analysts,…
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Quick ViewThe endocannabinoid system (ECS) was discovered when CB1 and CB2 receptors were found, the first of them in the central nervous system of pigs, and the second one in the periphery nervous system. The endocannabinoid system is involved in multiple physiological functions. These situations indicate that the ECS is a promising tool for the development…
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Quick ViewAn important but relatively unknown protein modification is PHBylation. In this book, the authors review the physical properties and molecular characteristics of PHB, and discuss the influences of PHBylation on protein folding. In the second chapter, protein-folding mechanisms, namely the framework model and nucleation-condensation mechanism are discussed. The final chapter examines the fundamental physical law…
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Quick ViewCellulose is the most abundant natural biopolymer. Recently, modified cellulose has been used as a reinforcement for various composites. Cellulose composite and modified cellulose are attractive because of their excellent mechanical and thermal performance. Furthermore, these are fully biodegradable in a wide variety of environmental conditions. Researchers all over the world are working on reinforcing…
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Quick ViewOver the last ten years, circumstances surrounding nature-friendly materials have changed not only in research fields, but also in practical fields all over the world. Biomass conversion is one of the major scientific projects. In order to develop the utilization of residual bioresources, the authors’ research strategy is as follows: (1) renewable plant resources are…
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Quick ViewCellulose is the principal constituent of all plant life; it is the most abundant, important and fascinating biopolymer on earth. Cellulose, as an almost inexhaustible, environmentally benign and renewable material, has stimulated basic and applied research as well as inspired significant progress in Polymer Science. In recent years, cellulose has gained renewed importance as a…
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Quick ViewWorldwide, the prevalence of chronic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, inflammatory (autoimmune) and neurodegenerative diseases, has shown a sharp increase. In the last 20 years, developing countries and the young population have presented the largest augment in the incidence of these diseases, which evidences that they are not…
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Quick ViewThis book addresses research advances on caffeic acid, a naturally occurring hydroxycinnamic acid with various biological and pharmacological properties. Some of the topics discusses in this book include the derivatives of caffeic acid; the role it plays in winemaking; the comprehensive understanding of anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects of coffe intake via nutrigenomics; the antimicrobial properties;…
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Quick ViewTryptophan is not only an essential amino acid but also an effective signaling molecule as an indicator of amino acid sufficiency. Serotonin is biosynthesized from the essential amino acid tryptophan. The first chapter of this book deals with the effects of tryptophan as well as some strategies of treatments that modify serotonin levels on cognitive…
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Quick ViewCalcium carbonate is one of the most abundant materials present in nature. In this book, the characterization of surface properties of calcium carbonate are reviewed, particularly, the Washburn method is described in detail. The effect of natural and synthetic macromolecules on the structure of calcium carbonate is described as well. The third chapter highlights the…
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Quick ViewThis book presents an overview of sphingolipids: biology, synthesis and functions. The topics analyzed in this book cover a broad spectrum of functions played by sphingolipids including: the role of sphingomyelin in the regulation of membrane physical state; tricyclic antidepressants as modulators of sphingolipid turnover and cell sensitivity to insulin action; sphingolipid diversity, biosynthesis and…
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Quick ViewThis book addresses the role of bioactive compounds in wine and their beneficial or harmful effects on human health. The presence of bioactive compounds in wine is related to several factors like grape varieties, agroecological conditions of vineyards (terroir), the vinification process, special winemaking procedures, microbial metabolism related to the fermentative process, and other additional…
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Quick ViewFor a quantitative description of variety cell responses to ionizing radiation, a mathematical model is suggested. In contrast to the conventional point of view that the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of densely ionizing radiation is determined only by physical characteristics of radiation, this book presents extensive experimental data demonstrating the importance of cell recovery ability…
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Quick ViewTannins constitute a heterogeneous group of polyphenolic compounds, present in a considerable number of vegetable foods. The term tannin is derived from the properties of these compounds to interact and precipitate macromolecules, such as proteins, make them able to tan animal leather. Subsequently a general definition for tannins emerged, referring them as high molecular weight…
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Quick ViewIntrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are biomolecules that do not have a definite 3D structure; their role in the biochemical network of a cell relates to their ability to switch rapidly among different secondary and tertiary structures. The emergence of IDPs has challenged the classical protein structure-function paradigm. IDPs play an important role in cellular regulation,…
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Quick ViewCirculating tumor cells (CTCs) are the seeds for cancer metastases development, which is responsible for >90% of cancer-related deaths. Accurate quantification of CTCs in human fluids could be an invaluable tool for understanding cancer prognosis, delivering personalized medicine to prevent metastasis and finding cancer therapy effectiveness. Although CTCs were first discovered more than 200 years…
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Quick ViewPerfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are a group of organofluorine, aliphatic hydrocarbons, of which all or almost all hydrogen atoms are replaced with fluorine. They have a wide range of industrial and consumer applications such as stain, paints, hydraulic fluids, firefighting foams, production of fluoropolimers, cosmetics, insecticide formulations, textile treatments, surface coatings for carpets and furniture, cookware…
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Quick ViewThe solved problems in this book give introduction to principles of data analysis in the field of mass spectrometry of biomolecules. The book is focused on MS and MS/MS analysis of peptides, oligosaccharides, lipids, glycoconjugates and polyphenols. Apart from data analysis, the book also gives more insight into diversity of MS instrumentation and sample preparation.…
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Quick ViewCasein, one of the major proteins found in milk sources, can be associated with many health benefits. This book discusses the properties, functions and health implications of casein. Chapter One reviews the scientific evidence around health promoting effects of casein hydrolysates and (bioactive) peptides thereof from an infant nutrition perspective. Chapter Two studies the physicochemical…
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Quick ViewArginine is one of the amino acids with multiple metabolic pathways. Apart from its role in the composition of proteins, it is the biosynthetic precursor of nitric oxide, creatine, agmatine, proline, homoarginine and polyamines. In chapter One of this book, the reasons for and the possible advantages and disadvantages of nutritional arginine supplementation are critically…
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Quick ViewMyostatin, also known as growth and differentiation factor-8, is a member of the TGF-â family member and is mainly produced by skeletal muscle. Myostatin circulates in the serum in a latent form, whereas it acts almost exclusively on skeletal muscle. Chapter One of this book discusses the role of myostatin and related factors in muscle…
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