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Quick ViewZoledronic acid is a third generation bisphosphonate which is administered intravenously once yearly at a dose of 5mg for multiple reasons including the treatment of post-menopausal women with osteoporosis to reduce the incidence of vertebral, hip and non-vertebral fractures and to increase bone mineral density (BMD), the prevention of clinical fractures after hip fracture in…
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Quick ViewExamples of plant-derived pharmaceuticals that have become the focus of continuous and exponential research and development interest have, to date, been somewhat scarce. After a long period, the last two decades have been characterized by a 100-fold increase in the number of scientific articles published annually that are of relevance to the use of curcumin…
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Quick ViewPhysical pharmacy is the study of the physical and chemical properties of drugs and their dosage forms. It attempts to integrate the factual knowledge of pharmacy through the development of its principles, and it assisted the pharmacist and the pharmaceutical scientist in their effort to foresee the solubility, stability, compatibility, and biologic action of drug…
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Quick ViewStatins are well-known drugs to lower cholesterol levels and play an important role in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. They inhibit hydroxymethylglutaryl–coenzyme A (HMGCoA) reductase, an enzyme that plays a central role in the production of cholesterol in the liver. Despite the growing experience in the use of statins, it is still difficult to predict…
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Quick ViewThis text contains seven chapters, five of which are original articles. One of them deals with the invention and development of cyclophosphamide, mechanisms of action and side effects while a separate chapter deals with the management of hemorrhagic cystitis, the most important and serious side effect after using the drug at high doses. Other chapters…
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Quick ViewAdenosine is a ubiquitous adenine base purine that mediates diverse biological and physiological processes in the cardiovascular system, both in cardiac and vascular tissues. Adenosine was reported to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, neurotransmission/neuromodulation, immune response and inflammation, platelet aggregation and modulation of cardiac function. Adenosine availability, in the extracellular space, depends on its…
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Quick ViewThe drug package that a community pharmacist hands to a patient, or a hospital pharmacist sends to a patient’s bedside, or a physician administers in the medical office has reached the end of a complicated path. That path is called a supply or distribution chain. The upstream portion of the chain includes the journey of…
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Quick ViewFor an American in the 21st century, it is hard to imagine the world before antibiotics. At the beginning of the 20th century, as many as nine women out of every 1,000 who gave birth died, 40 percent from sepsis. In some cities as many as 30 percent of children died before their first birthday.…
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Quick ViewInfliximab, a chimeric immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody which contains a human constant region and a mouse-derived murine variable region, binds specifically to the soluble and transmembrane tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-), avoiding the coupling of this cytokine and its receptors and, consequently, neutralizing its biology activity, such as the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as interleukin-1…
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Quick ViewIn the last twenty years, the incidence of invasive fungal infections (IFI) has risen dramatically due to the prolongation of survival of patients with multiple risk factors for fungal infections and due to the increase of infection associated with travel. Moreover IFI in infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit are common and often…
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Quick ViewThis book, published in two volumes, Volume 1 and Volume 2, respectively, represents the most comprehensive and up-to-date collection of current literature on angiotensin inhibition and related topics in medicine, nephrology and cardiovascular medicine ever compiled. Top experts in the various fields of nephrology, hypertension, cardiovascular medicine, pharmacotherapeutics and related fields from all five continents…
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Quick ViewThis book, published in two volumes, Volume 1 and Volume 2, respectively, represents the most comprehensive and up-to-date collection of current literature on angiotensin inhibition and related topics in medicine, nephrology and cardiovascular medicine ever compiled. Top experts in the various fields of nephrology, hypertension, cardiovascular medicine, pharmacotherapeutics and related fields from all five continents…
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Quick ViewThis book highlights recent advances in beta blockers research. Beta blockers have been used for the treatment of several clinical conditions and it is of paramount importance to understand their role and applications. Chapters of the book were written by experts in the fields of vascular disease, plastic surgery, cardiovascular medicine, pharmaceutical medicine and physiology…
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Quick ViewCorticosteroids (CS) are naturally occurring biomolecules produced in the adrenal cortex and have a multitude of roles which includes carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism, inflammation and regulation of water, electrolyte etc. Based on their functions, steroids are classified as glucocorticoids and/or mineralocorticoids, and only the former have anti-inflammatory properties which have been chemically modified to…
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Quick ViewFluoxetine, best known by the trade name Prozac®, unlike other psychotropic drugs whose effects were serendipitously stumbled upon, was the first developed for a precise mechanism of action, that is, the ability to selectively inhibit serotonin reuptake, based upon the theory that increasing the availability of serotonin would treat major depression. Once approved by the…
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Quick ViewDrugs (medicines) are considered either the primary therapy or an adjunct to another modality. Physicians of all specialties prescribe drugs on a daily basis, and therefore they need to understand the mode and action by which drugs exert their therapeutic effects. Written records of the use of natural products as medicinal agents date back thousands…
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Quick ViewThis book presents an overview of recent developments for an “old drug”, simvastatin. It belongs to the class of statins, the most commonly prescribed drugs for the treatment of dyslipidemia or related diseases, being considered of superior effectiveness for that purpose. Now, millions of patients benefit from the use of simvastatin in preventing coronary heart…
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Quick ViewProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have become a mainstay of therapy not only in the practice of gastroenterology, but also for general medicine and even for the general public. Recently, proton pump inhibitors have been associated with a number of potential complications including impaired vitamin and mineral absorption, altered drug metabolism and increased risk for infections.…
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Quick ViewThere is a growing interest in coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and its involvement in many aspects of daily living including physical and mental health, energy, aging, stress, skin care and exercise. This book aims to highlight our current understanding of CoQ10 in each of these areas by presenting a selection of topics that clearly illustrates its…
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Quick ViewWhy would anyone want to write about propranolol, the first clinically utilized beta blocker? It is, after all, an outdated medicine. However, that is precisely why it is important to write about this treatment. Propranolol has been used in medical practices since 1962 and still plays an important role as a remedy for various diseases.…
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Quick ViewPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive, fatal syndrome characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance that leads to right-ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure, eventually leading to premature death. Arterial hypertension is one of the most important preventable contributors to disease and death, and is commonly treated with antihypertensive drugs combined with appropriate changes in life-style.…
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Quick ViewThis book provides basic and applied knowledge about monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), their classification, and clinical application as neuroprotective agents and will be a valuable source of new knowledge for doctors, patients, medical students, teachers, researchers, and basic biomedical scientists interested in learning the appropriate clinical application of MAOIs without any misunderstanding for the prevention…
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Quick ViewOxytocin (OT), a hormone with a well-known function in childbirth, breast milk secretion, formation of the mother-infant bonding process and social empathy, has recently been revisited from a systemic perspective to uncover possible links with or etiological characteristics of chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Chapter one aims to provide an overview of the association of OT…
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Quick ViewThe role of adenosine and adenosine receptors in normal cell physiology and in diseases has been an area of active research over the last several decades. The field has advanced from the use of limited tools to examine receptor signaling and function to the use of various molecular and receptor knockout techniques to examine the…
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