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Desalination technologies utilize various forms of energy to produce freshwater. The first chapter of this book provides an exergy analysis of desalination systems. The second chapter provides an exergy analysis of the indoor environment and its impact on human thermal comfort in connection with temperature, heat and mass transfer. The third chapter reviews different studies…
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Coal has long been the major fossil fuel used to produce electricity. The existing coal-fired power generation fleet consists of over fifteen hundred separate units ranging in size from just a few megawatts (MW) to thirteen hundred (1,300) MW. Together these coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) constitute over 300 gigawatts (GW) of installed electric generating capacity…
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The nuclear industry is in a state of flux. Proclamations of a nuclear renaissance have given way to predictions of the industry’s ultimate decline, and now, in the face of new carbon emissions regulation, renewed optimism for the future. Yet, nuclear plants are currently at-risk due to electricity market design issues and competition with low…
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In the last decades the increasing need to produce energy in nontraditional ways has led to researchers searching for cheap and environmentally safe sources of energy. This has caused a growing interest in Energy Harvesting, which is a science that tries to capture energy provided by wind, rain, or other natural vibrations to convert it…
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Waste biomass includes agricultural residues, livestock wastes, municipal wastes and industrial organic wastes. It should be utilized or otherwise, it will cause the pollution of water, soil and even the atmosphere. Gas biofuels have attracted growing attention as a renewable and clean energy carrier. Gas biofuels include biogas, biohydrogen and its mixture i.e. biohythane, which…
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Space-based solar power (SBSP) is a concept for a revolutionary energy system. It involves placing into orbit stupendously large orbital power plants—kilometers across—which collect the sun‘s raw energy and beam it down to where it is needed on the earth. In theory, SBSP could scale to meet all of humanity‘s energy needs, providing virtually unlimited…
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This book examines the tradeoffs among financing methods for businesses installing onsite photovoltaics (PV). The authors present case studies of PV financing strategies used by two large commercial retailers that have deployed substantial U.S. PV capacity: IKEA, which owns its PV, and Staples, which purchases power generated from onsite PV systems through power purchase agreements…
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This book presents throughput and energy related performance calculations for shuttle-based storage and retrieval systems. Shuttle-based storage and retrieval systems are special designs of autonomous vehicle storage and retrieval systems and are used in practice for handling totes (plastic containers). The systems consist of an elevator with lifting tables that can execute vertical movements and…
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Renewable energy, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat, is the type of energy that can naturally replenish on a human timescale. Renewable energy can replace conventional fossil fuels in several distinct areas and can eliminate the need for fossil fuels. This book presents current research on the developments, potential and challenges…
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The U.S. industrial sector accounts for the largest share of energy consumption in the country, and energy efficiency improvements in this sector can significantly reduce the nation’s demand for energy. Fortunately, the industrial sector has shown steady progress in improving energy efficiency over the past few decades, and energy efficiency improvements are expected to continue.…
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Indian energy resources hold significant potential for development, but remain largely undeveloped. Interior’s Bureau of Indian Affairs’ (BIA) reviews and approves leases and other permits required for development. Other Interior components and federal agencies also have roles in this process. The Energy Policy Act of 2005 provided the opportunity for interested tribes to pursue tribal…
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Energy demand in the United States is expected to continue to grow over the coming decades, and the Department of Energy (DOE) considers nuclear energy to be one way to help meet this increased demand without producing air pollution. However, the current domestic commercial nuclear reactor fleet, consisting of 99 large light water reactors (LWRs)…
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Energy Sector Use of Fresh Water: Technology Assessment and Reduction Opportunities
Energy Science, Engineering and Technology, Energy, Technology and Engineering, Water Supply, Environmental Sciences$120.00Quick ViewMany regions within the United States experience moderate to exceptional drought forcing state officials to make difficult choices regarding energy and water. Competition for freshwater continues to increase due to industrial, municipal, and especially agricultural and energy sector demand. This book assesses advanced and emerging technologies that can reduce water use in hydraulic fracturing and…
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To reduce the dependence on dwindling crude oil reserves, the rational design of heterogeneous catalysts for the selective conversion of syngas into valuable fuels and chemicals is considered a principal scientific and industrial target. Syngas is an important intermediate for manufacturing clean fuels and chemicals, which can be derived from a variety of carbonaceous resources…
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Cybersecurity for the Electric Smart Grid: Elements and Considerations
Energy Science, Engineering and Technology, Energy Policies, Politics and Prices, Smart Grids, Electrical Engineering, Technology and Engineering$110.00Quick ViewThe “Smart Grid” is the name given to the evolving electric power network as new information technology systems and capabilities are incorporated. While these new components may add to the ability to control power flows and enhance the efficiency of grid operations, they also potentially increase the susceptibility of the grid to cyber attack since…
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During energy utilization and conversion, thermal energy is either an intermediate product or a byproduct; that is, thermal transport plays a critical role on efficiency, reliability, and safety of the energy systems. Recent development in nanotechnologies enabled significant improvement of the thermal energy storage performance, fuel cell, battery and thermoelectric devices. To meet the ever…
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Heat Exchangers: Characteristics, Types and Emerging Applications
Energy Science, Engineering and Technology, Thermal Physics and Statistical Mechanics, Physics and Astronomy$95.00Quick ViewIn recent years, thermal control systems performance has improved in numerous ways due to developments in control theory and information technology. Efforts have been made to produce more efficient heat exchangers by employing various methods of heat transfer enhancement. This book discusses the characteristics, types and emerging applications of heat exchangers. Chapter One presents a…
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Recent expansion in natural gas production has made the resource an increasingly significant component in the U.S. energy market. Further, a number of policies recently proposed and/or promulgated at the federal, state, and local levels may serve to accelerate this development. Examples of federal policies include U.S. Environmental Protection Agency air standards for power plants…
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The federal government first supported a program for energy storage and electric power system technology during the 1970s, before the establishment of the Department of Energy (DOE). In the early days, the program was focused mainly on energy storage—especially to even out the variable power production from wind and solar technologies—but also to support large…
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Indiscriminate extraction and increasing consumption of fossil fuel resources (crude oil, natural gas, and coal) are adversely affecting the major spheres of human activity. With the depletion of these fuels, efforts are being directed to the use of renewable sources such as solar, wind, and biomass. This book provides new research on the systems, performance…
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This research aims to make an original and advanced contribution to state-of-the-art sky models. It focuses on high-resolution sky radiance and luminance models given their essential importance in a host of scientific and engineering applications. For example, improved sky radience and luminance models can be used to improve the design and operation of energy-efficient and…
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The last two decades have seen unprecedented research progress made in the fabrication and testing of organic solar cell (OSC) devices due to, among other things, rapid growth of interest in the development of organic materials for photovoltaic applications, the ease of processing, and the prospect of achieving high power conversion efficiency (PCE) cost effectively.…
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In order to further understand the transfer processes of radionuclides from soil and air to plants in tropical areas affected by coal mining and burning, the absorption of 234U, 238U and 210Po by ferns, lichens, mosses, soybean, wheat, pine and eucalyptus cultivated around a coal-fired power plant and coal mining area in southern Brazil was…
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Microwave heating is a highly efficient technique for various thermal processes. It offers many advantages when compared to conventional processing methods such as rapid heating rates and short processing time which saves energy, deep penetration of the microwave energy that allows heat to be generated efficiently without directly contacting the work-piece, instantaneous and precise electronic…
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