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Quick ViewCan the police reduce crime? In 1991, when the first Executive Session on Policing concluded, the answer to that question was generally described as being in the eye of the beholder. Based on the scientific and practical knowledge available at the time, some well-respected criminologists and police scholars concluded that the police were not able…
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Quick ViewSeveral high-profile police shootings and other law enforcement-related deaths in the United States have sparked intense protests throughout the country and a fierce debate in Congress concerning the appropriate level of force police officers should wield in a society that equally values public safety and the lives of each of its citizens under law. These…
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Quick ViewThe number of people incarcerated in the United States has increased significantly over the past three decades from approximately 419,000 inmates in 1983 to approximately 1.5 million inmates in 2013. Concerns about both the economic and social consequences of the country’s growing reliance on incarceration have led to calls for reforms to the nation’s criminal…
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Quick ViewMass shootings are arguably one of the worst manifestations of gun violence. As discussed in this book, media outlets, gun control and rights advocates, statute, law enforcement agencies, and researchers often adopt different definitions of “mass killing,” “mass murder,” and “mass shooting,” contributing to a welter of claims about the prevalence and deadliness of mass…
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Quick ViewThe Federal Government administers a wide array of programs on behalf of the American people: financial aid to assist with college attendance, social insurance programs and tax incentives to promote retirement security, health insurance programs to ensure access to healthcare and financial protection for families, disclosure requirements to help people obtain safer mortgages, and others.…
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Quick ViewChronically homeless individuals are those who spend long periods of time living on the street or other places not meant for human habitation, and who have one or more disabilities, frequently including mental illnesses and substance use disorders. In the 2014 Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) point-in-time count of people experiencing homelessness, more…
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Quick ViewFrom 2003 through 2009, a total of 4,813 deaths were reported to the Bureau of Justice Statistics’ (BJS) Arrest-Related Deaths (ARD) program. The ARD program is a national collection of persons who die in the custody or under the restraint of state or local law enforcement personnel. Deaths are reportable to the program without considering…
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Quick ViewThe Freedom of Information Act allows any person—individual or corporate, citizen or not—to request and obtain existing, identifiable, and unpublished agency records on any topic. Pursuant to FOIA, the public has presumptive access to agency records unless the material falls within any of FOIA’s nine categories of exception. Disputes over the release of records requested…
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Quick ViewThe American public has expressed increasing alarm over incidents of multiple casualty violence. While the law enforcement community has progressed in advancing training in the tactical response to incidents, there are significant gaps in strategies aimed at preventing multiple casualty violence. To address this need, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security’s Federal Law Enforcement Training…
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Quick ViewThe “Break the Cycle” program has been an annual academic event since 2005, recruiting students from many different disciplines and departments at different universities across the United States and the world, to break the cycle of environmental health disparities at any point. This volume presents the set of “Break the Cycle” projects that look at…
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Quick ViewFrom their classical origins in the natural law theory of Greek and Roman philosophers and jurists to natural rights culminating in the American and French revolutions of the late 18th century, contemporary human rights have been universally recognized by the United Nations in the International Bill of Human Rights compromising the Universal Declaration of Human…
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Quick ViewThe link among health, well-being and social support is well-known. Social support represents an important protective factor against stress both directly (see the main effect hypothesis) and as a mediator. Nevertheless, it fosters health but at the same time may create a burden for those who work as caregivers and perceive the strain of their…
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Quick ViewSexual assault is a crime that devastates victims and has a far-reaching negative impact for The Department of Defense (DOD) because it undermines DOD’s core values, degrades mission readiness, and raises financial costs. DOD developed its strategy to prevent sexual assault using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) framework for effective sexual-violence prevention…
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Quick ViewAbout 14 percent of the more than 400,000 children in foster care nationwide lived in congregate care at the end of fiscal year 2013, according to Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) data. This book examines how selected states have reduced their use of congregate care; and some challenges with reducing congregate care placements,…
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Quick ViewSex trafficking is a state crime. Nevertheless, it is also a federal crime when it involves conducting the activities of a sex trafficking enterprise in a way that affects interstate or foreign commerce or that involves travel in interstate or foreign commerce. Section 1591 of Title 18 of the United States Code outlaws the activities…
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Quick ViewThe World Health Organization projects climate change will adversely affect health significantly over the next several decades. Some health effects of climate change are already being felt in the United States, according to assessments by the National Research Council, U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP), and others. Since the federal government is the nation’s largest…
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Quick ViewRural America continues to be a source of strength and opportunity for both the people who live there and for the nation as a whole. It boasts significant natural resources, vibrant and diverse culture, and strong families. Yet in too many rural and tribal places, kids and families are falling behind. This book describes ways…
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Quick ViewThe Food and Drug Administration (FDA) oversees the safety and effectiveness of drugs sold on the U.S. market. When there is an unmet need for the treatment of a serious condition, FDA may use one or more of its expedited programs, such as fast track and breakthrough therapy designation, which are intended to bring drugs…
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Quick ViewThis book focuses on the causes, control and consequences of juvenile delinquency. Chapter One begins with an overview of the social, cultural and interpersonal issues with justice involved adolescents. Chapter Two’s purpose is to help understand the major developmental theorist’s view of critical developmental milestones, understand the social, biological and interpersonal effects on an adolescents’…
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Quick ViewIn recent years, West Africa has played an increasing role in the global drug trade. In the early 2000s, drug traffickers searching for new routes and markets began shipping South American cocaine to Europe through West Africa. Criminal groups have now expanded their operations in the region to include heroin trafficking and methamphetamine production. While…
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Quick ViewHuman rights conditions in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) remain a central issue in U.S.-China ties. Different perceptions of human rights are an underlying source of mutual misunderstanding and mistrust. Frictions on human rights issues affect other issues in the bilateral relationship, including those related to economics and security. China’s weak rule of law…
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Quick ViewIn this book, Chapter One begins with a discussion on the use of dogs in the courtroom. Chapter Two explores the research on the criminal narratives of general offending populations, and introduces new insight into Mentally Disordered Offenders (MDOs), and the impact various mental disorders may have on the structure of criminal narratives. Chapter Three…
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Quick ViewCalls for criminal justice reform have been mounting in recent years, in large part due to the extraordinarily high levels of incarceration in the United States. Today, the incarcerated population is 4.5 times larger than in 1980, with approximately 2.2 million people in the United States behind bars, including individuals in Federal and State prisons…
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Quick ViewWhen an economy is fueled by the alcohol industry, which is a powerful and a resource-intense industry, governments who lack technical capacity and financial resources to combat the alcohol industry may fear the economic impact of restrictive alcohol polices. How can a country address the public health concerns from alcohol misuse and abuse? Because alcohol…
For titles published prior to 2016, please click here.
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