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Quick ViewThe Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) block grant was created in the 1996 welfare reform law (the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, P.L. 104-193). That law was the culmination of a series of legislative changes that altered the rules for providing benefits and services to needy families with children. This…
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Quick ViewWhile most young people have access to emotional and financial support systems throughout their early adult years, older youth in foster care and those who are emancipated from care often face obstacles to developing independent living skills and building supports that ease the transition to adulthood. Older foster youth who return to their parents or…
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Quick ViewIn the United States there are 237,868 victims of reported rape and sexual assault per year, with a sexual offense occurring every two minutes. Public fear of sexual violence has increased in recent decades causing policymakers to develop new laws in order to control and monitor sex offenders to prevent victimization. The laws and policies…
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Quick ViewThis book discusses several topics on food issues, policies, and safety. The topics include average food prices; genetically engineered salmon; food recalls and other FDA administrative enforcement actions; implementation of the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act; and FDA’s international food safety capacity-building plan. (Imprint: Nova)
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Quick ViewThe oversight of consumer product safety is a complex system involving many federal agencies. The United States Government Accountability Office identified eight agencies that have direct oversight responsibilities for consumer product safety: the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), Department of Housing and Urban Development, Environmental Protection Agency, Food and Drug Administration, National Highway Traffic Safety…
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Quick ViewUSDA is responsible for ensuring the safety of poultry products. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) report the U.S. food supply is one of the safest in the world, yet estimate that Salmonella and Campylobacter contamination in food causes more than 2 million human illnesses per year. Poultry products contaminated with pathogens cause…
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Quick ViewSocial Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) is a social insurance program that provides benefits to insured workers under the full retirement age who meet the statutory test of disability and to their eligible dependents. Unlike some other federal programs, benefit payments and administrative costs associated with the SSDI program are paid not out of the General…
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Quick ViewPoverty estimates—the number and percentage of persons living in poverty—have been of interest to Congress not only to gauge the nation’s economic health, but also because they are used to determine funding allocations for a variety of programs. Chapter 1 provides a synopsis of poverty measurement in the United States, focusing on the following: the…
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Quick ViewIn the last decade, shortages of prescription drugs containing controlled substances, such as narcotics and stimulants, have increased nationwide, preventing providers and patients from accessing essential medications for treatment. Controlled substances are regulated by DEA because of the potential for abuse and addiction. To prevent diversion of controlled substances, DEA sets quotas that limit the…
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Quick ViewThe Child Welfare System: Perspectives, Challenges and Future Directions opens with a description of the empirical results of a study on bird’s nest parenting as a form of shared parenting. Bird’s nest parenting ensures that children have both a stable home with the continuity of their prior lifestyle and the chance to live everyday life…
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This book presents a rigorous empirical study of various aspects of poverty alleviation in rural Bangladesh. The themes include the trend and structure of rural poverty and the role of microfinance in alleviating rural poverty through participation of the rural poor in NGOs and microfinance institutions (MFIs). It also includes different challenges of participation of…
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Quick ViewThe trafficking of persons has frequently been described as a “modern” or “Twenty-First Century” form of slavery. According to the Department of State, the U.S. government considers trafficking in persons to include all of the criminal conduct involved in forced labor and sex trafficking. Under the TVPA, trafficking in persons does not require actual movement…
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Quick ViewThere is widespread interest in obtaining access to criminal history record information from reliable sources for the purpose of screening an individual’s suitability for employment, licensing, or placement in positions of trust. The interest is based on a desire or perceived need to evaluate the risk of hiring or placing someone with a criminal record…
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Quick ViewThe Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has a responsibility for ensuring the safety and proper labeling of more than 80 percent of the U.S. food supply, including an increased volume of imported food. The FDA’s foreign offices have engaged in a variety of activities since 2010 to help ensure that imported food is safe. This…
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Quick ViewIn this book, the authors discuss recent advances in criminology research. In the first chapter, the author gives a spatial analysis of the causes of criminality. Spatial analysis is one of the most widespread methods of criminological research in English-speaking countries. It is used to analyze the reasons of individual criminal behavior. In the second…
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Quick ViewThe 2015 International Narcotics Control Strategy Report is an annual report by the Department of State to Congress prepared in accordance with the Foreign Assistance Act. It describes the efforts of key countries to attack all aspects of the international drug trade in calendar year 2014. Volume I covers drug and chemical control activities. Volume…
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Quick ViewThis book provides an overview of current analyses and developments pertaining to the law enforcement and crime. Chapter one analyzes individual elements of the polygraph examination in pre-employment cases in law enforcement agencies, and attempts to answer the following questions: How are existing standards “scientific”? What should be done to raise the level of quality…
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Quick ViewThe federal inmate population has increased more than eight-fold since 1980, and the Department of Justice (DOJ) has identified prison crowding as a critical issue since 2006. DOJ’s Bureau of Prisons’ (BOP) rising costs and offender recidivism present incarceration challenges to both DOJ and the nation. DOJ has implemented three key initiatives to address the…
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Quick ViewCan the police reduce crime? In 1991, when the first Executive Session on Policing concluded, the answer to that question was generally described as being in the eye of the beholder. Based on the scientific and practical knowledge available at the time, some well-respected criminologists and police scholars concluded that the police were not able…
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Quick ViewSeveral high-profile police shootings and other law enforcement-related deaths in the United States have sparked intense protests throughout the country and a fierce debate in Congress concerning the appropriate level of force police officers should wield in a society that equally values public safety and the lives of each of its citizens under law. These…
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Quick ViewThe number of people incarcerated in the United States has increased significantly over the past three decades from approximately 419,000 inmates in 1983 to approximately 1.5 million inmates in 2013. Concerns about both the economic and social consequences of the country’s growing reliance on incarceration have led to calls for reforms to the nation’s criminal…
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Quick ViewMass shootings are arguably one of the worst manifestations of gun violence. As discussed in this book, media outlets, gun control and rights advocates, statute, law enforcement agencies, and researchers often adopt different definitions of “mass killing,” “mass murder,” and “mass shooting,” contributing to a welter of claims about the prevalence and deadliness of mass…
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Quick ViewThe Federal Government administers a wide array of programs on behalf of the American people: financial aid to assist with college attendance, social insurance programs and tax incentives to promote retirement security, health insurance programs to ensure access to healthcare and financial protection for families, disclosure requirements to help people obtain safer mortgages, and others.…
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Quick ViewChronically homeless individuals are those who spend long periods of time living on the street or other places not meant for human habitation, and who have one or more disabilities, frequently including mental illnesses and substance use disorders. In the 2014 Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) point-in-time count of people experiencing homelessness, more…
For titles published prior to 2015, please click here.
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