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Quick ViewThe U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) provides funding to contractors for research and development of new technologies. To incentivize participation in federal research projects and promote the use of federally funded inventions, the 1980 Bayh-Dole Act and other laws and regulations allow contractors receiving federal research and development funds to retain ownership of inventions they…
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Quick ViewDesalination technologies utilize various forms of energy to produce freshwater. The first chapter of this book provides an exergy analysis of desalination systems. The second chapter provides an exergy analysis of the indoor environment and its impact on human thermal comfort in connection with temperature, heat and mass transfer. The third chapter reviews different studies…
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Quick ViewCoal has long been the major fossil fuel used to produce electricity. The existing coal-fired power generation fleet consists of over fifteen hundred separate units ranging in size from just a few megawatts (MW) to thirteen hundred (1,300) MW. Together these coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) constitute over 300 gigawatts (GW) of installed electric generating capacity…
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Quick ViewThe nuclear industry is in a state of flux. Proclamations of a nuclear renaissance have given way to predictions of the industry’s ultimate decline, and now, in the face of new carbon emissions regulation, renewed optimism for the future. Yet, nuclear plants are currently at-risk due to electricity market design issues and competition with low…
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Quick ViewProduction of oil and natural gas from leased federal lands and waters is a significant source of revenue for the federal government. The Government Accountability Office (GAO) has issued many reports on Interior’s management of federal oil and gas resources, including its programs for verifying oil and gas production volumes and ensuring accurate royalty collections.…
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Quick ViewThe future of oil and natural gas production in Mexico is of importance for both Mexico’s economic growth, as well as for U.S. energy security, a key congressional interest. Mexico is a top trade partner and the 3rd largest crude oil supplier to the United States. Mexico’s state oil company, Petroleos Mexicanos (Pemex) remains an…
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Quick ViewIn the last decades the increasing need to produce energy in nontraditional ways has led to researchers searching for cheap and environmentally safe sources of energy. This has caused a growing interest in Energy Harvesting, which is a science that tries to capture energy provided by wind, rain, or other natural vibrations to convert it…
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Quick ViewElectricity in the United States has traditionally been generated largely from coal, natural gas, nuclear, and hydropower energy sources. More recently, various federal and state policies, tax incentives, and research and development efforts have supported the use of renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, and geothermal. In addition, consumption of electricity has been affected…
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Quick ViewRenewable energy is gaining currency around the globe, but China and the United States are central to its development. They are the world’s top-two countries in terms of energy consumption, net oil imports, and carbon emissions, as well as gross domestic product (GDP) and manufacturing. Their large territories harbor some of the best sites to…
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Quick ViewThis book examines the tradeoffs among financing methods for businesses installing onsite photovoltaics (PV). The authors present case studies of PV financing strategies used by two large commercial retailers that have deployed substantial U.S. PV capacity: IKEA, which owns its PV, and Staples, which purchases power generated from onsite PV systems through power purchase agreements…
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Quick ViewSeveral fiery rail accidents in 2013-2015 in the U.S. and Canada carrying crude oil produced from the Bakken region of North Dakota have raised questions at many levels on the safety of transporting this, and other types of crude oil, by rail. Sandia National Laboratories was commissioned by the U.S. Department of Energy to investigate…
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Quick ViewThe U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) defines an abandoned uranium mine (mine) as a named mine or complex developed to extract uranium ore for atomic energy defense-related activities of the United States from 1947 to 1970, as verified by purchase of ore by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) or other means. This book addresses…
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Quick ViewThis latest volume includes contributions on the latest advances in energy research. Chapters include research on a Multi Agent System (MAS) design for fault location, isolation and service restoration (FLISR) in power distribution systems; coalbed methane (CBM) reservoirs in China, their properties and strategies in which to reduce formation damage; a comprehensive review of energy…
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Quick ViewThe states and the federal government have supported the development of electricity generation projects in a variety of ways. In recent years, state and federal supports have been targeted toward renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind, although there have been some supports for projects using traditional sources—natural gas, coal, and nuclear. This book…
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Quick ViewThis book presents throughput and energy related performance calculations for shuttle-based storage and retrieval systems. Shuttle-based storage and retrieval systems are special designs of autonomous vehicle storage and retrieval systems and are used in practice for handling totes (plastic containers). The systems consist of an elevator with lifting tables that can execute vertical movements and…
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Quick ViewRenewable energy, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat, is the type of energy that can naturally replenish on a human timescale. Renewable energy can replace conventional fossil fuels in several distinct areas and can eliminate the need for fossil fuels. This book presents current research on the developments, potential and challenges…
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Quick ViewThe U.S. industrial sector accounts for the largest share of energy consumption in the country, and energy efficiency improvements in this sector can significantly reduce the nation’s demand for energy. Fortunately, the industrial sector has shown steady progress in improving energy efficiency over the past few decades, and energy efficiency improvements are expected to continue.…
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Quick ViewRecommendations for the establishment of unified principles for the efficiency estimation of renewable energy sources (RES) technologies and long-term incentive system are presented. The first focus is on a developed method for the evaluation of RES use impact on macroeconomic indicators. Analysis of RES was done according to natural RES, such as wind and solar…
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Quick ViewConstrained budgets and increasing energy efficiency goals have led federal agencies to explore innovative ways to fund energy improvements, including the Department of Energy’s Energy Savings Performance Contracts (ESPC). An expected increase in the use of ESPCs has raised questions about agencies’ ability to ensure that the government’s interests are protected. ESPCs can span up…
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Quick ViewIndian energy resources hold significant potential for development, but remain largely undeveloped. Interior’s Bureau of Indian Affairs’ (BIA) reviews and approves leases and other permits required for development. Other Interior components and federal agencies also have roles in this process. The Energy Policy Act of 2005 provided the opportunity for interested tribes to pursue tribal…
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Quick ViewThis book will introduce the reader to the fundamentals of biogas production, properties, and uses. The chapters focus on biogas as a renewable energy source, biogas production, the chemistry and engineering aspects of anaerobic digestion, landfill gas, biomass gasification, biogas upgrading technology, among other topics. (Imprint: Nova)
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Quick ViewDuring the last twenty years, ionic liquids have become one of the most interesting and rapidly developing areas of modern physical chemistry, technologies and engineering, including constructing new devices for various applications. In order to protect the environment and provide energy security, energy generated from renewable sources has been extensively studied. This book provides a…
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Quick ViewSub-Saharan Africa is the most electricity-poor region globally, which has had profound impacts on economic growth and development prospects. In recent years, U.S. policymakers have sought to help increase access to electricity in sub-Saharan Africa in order to spur economic growth, reduce poverty, and for socio-economic development generally in the region; and to expand U.S.…
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Quick ViewThe Department of Defense (DOD) is the single largest consumer of energy in the federal government, spending billions of dollars annually on petroleum fuels to support military operations. One of DOD’s strategic operational energy goals is to expand its energy supply options. Investing in alternative fuels—liquid fuels, derived from non-petroleum feedstocks, whose use does not…
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