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Quick ViewThis book revisits the mathematical foundations of thermodynamics and gauge theory by using new differential geometric methods coming from the formal theory of systems of partial differential equations and Lie pseudogroups. The gauge theory of gravity is also established, in which spinorial and ventorial matter fields serve as gravitating sources. The potential applications of the…
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Quick ViewThe aim of the book is to represent a flexible and efficient algorithm and a novel system used for the planning, generation, and realization of conversational behavior (co-verbal behavior). Such behavior is best described as a set of moving body parts, which are meaningful. In terms of prosody, it is synchronized with the accompanying speech.…
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Quick ViewWhile broadband is available to a majority of Americans, barriers have kept some from subscribing and enjoying its benefits. In 2010, FCC published the National Broadband Plan, which noted that some demographic groups lagged behind others in adopting broadband and called on FCC and NTIA to take action to address these barriers. This book examines…
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Quick ViewWhistleblowers play an important role in safeguarding the federal government against waste, fraud, and abuse. However, reporting wrongdoing outside the chain of command conflicts with military guidance, which emphasizes using the chain of command to resolve problems. Whistleblowers who make a report risk reprisal from their unit, such as being demoted or separated. DOD’s Office…
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Quick ViewIn 2012, more than 1.7 million rear-end crashes occurred on our nation’s highways, resulting in more than 1,700 fatalities and 500,000 injured people. Many of these crashes could have been mitigated, or possibly even prevented, had rear-end collision avoidance technologies been in place. However, slow and insufficient action to develop performance standards for these technologies…
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Quick ViewThe use of over-the-counter (OTC), prescription, and illicit drugs is increasing in the U.S. population. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) is concerned about the possible safety implications of increased drug use in all modes of transportation. Aviation is the one mode in which the regulatory authority, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), routinely conducts extensive…
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Quick ViewThe crash of Air France Flight 447 (AF447) off the coast of Brazil in June 2009 and the disappearance of Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 (MH370) in the southern Indian Ocean in March 2014 highlight several challenges authorities may face in locating aircraft in distress and recovering flight recorders. In response to these aviation accidents, government…
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Quick ViewPhthalates are ester derivatives that have been used to alter the flexibility of plastics since the 1930s, and are ubiquitous in our daily life. The first chapter of this book discusses how perinatal exposure to phthalates may induce alterations in brain neural growth and differentiation, with neurocognitive and behavioral consequences. Chapter two investigates the advantages…
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Quick ViewThis book presents research on superconductivity. The first chapter discusses the physical properties of two nonmagnetic noncentrosymmetric superconductors, LaRhSi3 and LaIrSi3. Chapter two reviews the SrFe2As2 and FeTe0.8S0.2 compounds, which are perspective for developing new superconducting materials on their basis. The possibility of selective excitation of the nonlinear lattice vibrations in high-temperature superconductors formed from…
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Quick ViewBone mass is maintained by two specialized types of cells: bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Osteoclasts are tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive, multinucleated giant cells that originate from the monocyte/macrophage lineage of hematopoietic stem cells. Chapter one of this book describes the role miRNAs have in osteoclast differentiation and function. Chapter two investigates how the inhibition of…
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Quick ViewThe gastrointestinal (GI) tract is home to trillions of microorganisms and contains more genetic information than that which exists in the human genome. It is, in fact, the largest immune system in the body. Study of the GI tract microbiome and its influence on both health and disease states have demonstrated the importance in maintaining…
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Quick ViewFree online Machine Translation (MT) is known to provide instant access to information in multiple language pairs. This is why MT has proved to be extremely useful in various spoken and written text applications in reducing language barriers and facilitating cross-lingual information search as well as commerce and communication. The first chapter of this book…
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Quick ViewAtomic layer deposition (ALD) is a thin film deposition technique used in the mass production of microelectronics. In this book, novel nonvolatile memory devices are discussed. The chapters examine the low-temperature fabrication process of single-crystal platinum non-thin films using plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD). A comprehensive review of ALD surface coatings for battery systems is…
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Quick ViewIn recent years, there has been a growing trend in the consumption of functional foods. Functional foods are those that when consumed regularly produce a specific beneficial health effect beyond their basic nutritional properties. In this book, the authors focus on providing an overview of the current knowledge on technical approaches for the manufacturing of…
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Quick ViewThis book presents original results on the leading edge of computer science research. The first chapter begins by presenting several supervised machine learning methods and their applications in analyzing microarray and genotyping data to classify and predict sample phenotypes. Chapter two presents the design and implementation of the EstiNet cloud, and evaluates its performance. Chapter…
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Quick ViewOver the last ten years, circumstances surrounding nature-friendly materials have changed not only in research fields, but also in practical fields all over the world. Biomass conversion is one of the major scientific projects. In order to develop the utilization of residual bioresources, the authors’ research strategy is as follows: (1) renewable plant resources are…
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Quick ViewIn the last decades the increasing need to produce energy in nontraditional ways has led to researchers searching for cheap and environmentally safe sources of energy. This has caused a growing interest in Energy Harvesting, which is a science that tries to capture energy provided by wind, rain, or other natural vibrations to convert it…
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Quick ViewThis book examines the most up-to-date research in the agricultural field. The first chapter examines intercropping systems as a way of increasing productivity of land. The following chapter discusses hyperspectral imaging as an emerging and green chemistry technique for non-destructive and rapid food analysis. Chapter three also discusses hyperspectral imaging, with an emphasis on carrots.…
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Quick ViewA comprehensive review and analysis of the human factors research associated with the implementation of crash warning system interfaces has led to the development of guidelines intended to be used by anyone responsible for the conceptualization, development, design, testing, or evaluation of in-vehicle crash avoidance systems, especially for forward collision (headway warning), lane change (blind-spot…
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Quick ViewRestoration of our national forests benefits the environment and creates jobs in rural communities. Increasing the pace of restoration of the Nation’s forests is critically needed to address a variety of threats – including fire, climate change, the bark beetle infestation, and others — to the health of our forest ecosystems, watersheds, and forest-dependent communities.…
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Quick ViewThe National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) began in 1975 to evaluate the effectiveness of vehicle safety technologies associated with the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards. By June 2014, NHTSA had evaluated the effectiveness of virtually all the life-saving technologies introduced in passenger cars, pickup trucks, SUVs, and vans from about 1960 up through about…
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Quick ViewThis book looks at one of the most serious types of highway accidents—collisions involving vehicles traveling the wrong way on high-speed divided highways. The goal of this investigative project is to identify relevant safety recommendations to prevent wrong-way collisions on such highways and access ramps. The investigations included in the book take a focused view…
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Quick ViewThe book Dielectric Materials and Applications focuses on the recent research advancements in the area of dielectrics that can be utilized in a variety of technology-oriented applications. The topics covered in this book include the investigations of materials having low dielectric constants for Cu interconnects, a two-layer metallic waveguide as a tool to determine the…
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Fundamental physics has now been stuck for almost a century. Ever since the discovery of general relativity and quantum mechanics in the early 1900s, the brightest minds in physics have been striving to combine these two paradigms into a single unified theory of quantum gravity, without success. The general consensus is that we are missing…
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The opening chapter discusses recent investigations carried out from the academia, industry and research organizations about technology in the treatment of aqueous solutions containing any type of metal. Chapter two describes naphthalene catabolism genes, their organization and function, and the role of extrachromosomal DNA in naphthalene oxidation. Factors affecting natural PAH biodegradation are estimated; model…
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Different applications and uses of light energy have emerged over the last few years in many different fields such as in medicine, material science, energy and biochemistry. New and exciting applications of light-controlled processes have become practical in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, the preparation and use of functional materials, the storage of solar…
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The current theory for strongly interacting elementary particles QCD cannot account for low energy phenomena. The present theory described in this book aims at replacing low energy QCD and has far more predictive power. Equations of motion for mesons and baryon are proposed, accounting for many basic mesonic data and, presently, a few baryon data.…
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Quick ViewNetwork security is still a critical task that involves different disciplines aimed at proactively protecting, preventing, and swiftly responding to attacks. However, the classic management-related flaws still persist, e.g. the analysis of large amounts of reported intrusion alerts, whilst coexisting with novel problematic issues such as the integration of many heterogeneous sensing interfaces. Security information…
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Quick ViewResident mast cells are uniquely positioned in multiple organ systems at either the tissue and/or external environment or located near nerve endings and/or blood vessels. These locations allow the mast cell to serve as a sentinel and thus play a critical role in not only inflammatory situations to promote recruitment and infiltration of other immune…
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Quick ViewAquatic biomass are a promising source for bioethanol production as they can be grown in aquatic environments to avoid the competition with food crops on land. Research on bioethanol production from aquatic biomass is still at an early stage due to the technical and economic barriers. The first chapter of this book reviews various aquatic…
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Quick ViewThis book on cover crops begins with a review of management practices on cover crops, their benefits, constrains associated with their use and possible solutions as experienced in southern Africa. The following chapter aims to review the literature addressing the effect of growing different cover crops under different soil management systems on the soil P…
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Quick ViewBees are eusocial insects with highly successful cosmopolitan distribution. Honeybees contribute substantially to the worldwide healthy economy and food security as pollinators. On-going and well-documented declines and losses in managed honeybee colonies represent one of the current threats to insect crop pollination service. This book begins with a review on the genetic structure of dark…
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Quick ViewDifferent species of the genus Populus, also known as poplars, are of great economic importance as major sources of timber, pulp and fiber. Salix species, or willows, have become very important sources of biomass for bioenergy. Both are characterized by their fast-growing trees, being asexually propagated, and having several species growing in riparian areas prone…
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Quick ViewWater shortages are a reality all over the world, and supplying water to urban centers is one of the challenges of modern society. This book examines the processes, uses and importance of water filtration systems. It begins with a discussion on osmosis pretreatment of seawater for thermal desalination. The following chapter reviews the Neptune Project.…
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Quick ViewRoughly 3,300 of the public-use airports across the United States have been determined by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to be significant to national air transportation. These airports form a national airport system intended to provide convenient access to air transportation and support important national functions, such as defense, emergency readiness, and postal delivery. These…
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Quick ViewElectricity in the United States has traditionally been generated largely from coal, natural gas, nuclear, and hydropower energy sources. More recently, various federal and state policies, tax incentives, and research and development efforts have supported the use of renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, and geothermal. In addition, consumption of electricity has been affected…
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Quick ViewIn November 2013, the International Space Station (ISS or Station) completed 15 years of continuous operation in low Earth orbit, marking a significant achievement in the history of human spaceflight. Two months later, the Administration announced its intent to extend Station operations until 2024. Originally designed and tested for a 15-year life span, the ISS…
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Quick ViewThe relationship between human beings and the urban environment is a topic increasing in relevance. Most of the people in the world live in an urban context and, as many scholars assert, the more urbanism is developing, the more specific problems arise, such as insecurity, loneliness and weak social ties. This book explores urban and…
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Quick ViewThis book introduces 53 bridges that the author designed during his period teaching at Dalian University of Technology (1984-2014). The bridges have unique features; some bridges are the first of their kind in China, while the others are the biggest in size. For example, Jinma Bridge is the longest single concrete, single-plane, cable-stayed bridge in…
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Social media have formed part and parcel of our everyday life. Defined by many as “a public sphere,” Twitter has indeed enabled social and political conversations, empowering diverse voices from networked societies that hold government accountable and encourage activities that promises several benefits in business, politics, education, health, and commerce among others. This collection of…
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Congress has been active in establishing federal policy for the agricultural sector on an ongoing basis since the 1930s. Over the years, as economic conditions and technology have evolved, Congress has regularly revisited agricultural policy through periodic farm legislation. Over these decades, the breadth of policy areas addressed through such farm bills has expanded beyond…
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This book provides an overview of the latest developments on Blockchain technology and its applications. The internet has already made it possible to transfer information quickly and cheaply, without involving intermediaries, while Blockchain gives the same benefits for transferring value. The Internet is used to transfer words and images, while Blockchain is used for transactions.…
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Observers are everywhere, from communicating people, animals, and different species, to any interacting subjects that accept, transform, and exchange information. Up to now, common information regularities, emergence, differentiation, and appearance have not been studied through a united approach. This book presents a new method for understanding the notion of information and its Observers, showing how…
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Quick ViewThis new book presents and discusses current research in the field of applied physics. Topics discussed include radiation effects in piezoelectric AlGaN/GaN heterostructures; fluorescence resonance energy transfer between CdTe quantum dots and organic dye; and band offsets in dielectric/InGaZnO4 thin film transistors. (Imprint: Nova)
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Quick ViewMilling is the machining process of using rotary cutters to remove material from a workpiece. It covers a wide variety of different operations and is one the most the commonly used processes in industries and machine shops today. In this book, the authors propose an approach that provides good evaluation results within a short interpolation…
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Quick ViewRed light running is one of the major causes of crashes, deaths, and injuries at signalized intersections. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) support a comprehensive approach to intersection safety that incorporates engineering, education, and enforcement countermeasures to prevent red light running and improve intersection safety. Red light cameras…
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Quick ViewCellulose is the principal constituent of all plant life; it is the most abundant, important and fascinating biopolymer on earth. Cellulose, as an almost inexhaustible, environmentally benign and renewable material, has stimulated basic and applied research as well as inspired significant progress in Polymer Science. In recent years, cellulose has gained renewed importance as a…
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Quick ViewWorldwide, the prevalence of chronic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, inflammatory (autoimmune) and neurodegenerative diseases, has shown a sharp increase. In the last 20 years, developing countries and the young population have presented the largest augment in the incidence of these diseases, which evidences that they are not…
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