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Quick ViewVehicles carrying objects that are not properly secured pose a safety risk on our nation’s roadways. Debris that falls from a vehicle can collide with other vehicles or pedestrians, causing serious injuries or fatalities. According to data collected by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), there were about 440 fatalities caused by roadway debris…
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Quick ViewThe advanced materials and devices based on nanotechnology and piezoelectric approaches have found wide applications in modern science and techniques. Tremendous interest to similar studies is supported owing to fast improvement of theoretical, experimental and numerical methods. These achievements expand scientific knowledge on the physical world and provide a forecast on the development of very…
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Quick ViewTransportation is important. It is about people and how they live their lives, how they get to work, how they get their children to school, how they buy food, clothes, and other necessities, and how families visit one another around the country. It is also about business. Transportation is critical to how the supply chain…
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Quick ViewGenetically engineered (GE) varieties with pest management traits became commercially available for major crops in 1996. More than 15 years later, adoption of these varieties by U.S. farmers is widespread and U.S. consumers eat many products derived from GE crops—including cornmeal, oils, and sugars—largely unaware that these products were derived from GE crops. Despite the…
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Quick ViewThe first chapter of this compilation on optoelectronics research provides the full, exciting story of integrated silicon light-emitting devices (Si-LEDs). Silicon is currently the most important semiconductor material. The book continues by discussing surpamolecular polymer semiconductors toward organic mechatronics; elastico-mechanoluminescent materials; and nonlinear and fluctuation phenomenaunder conditions of strong selective reflection in inclined geometry. (Imprint:…
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Quick ViewMolybdenum and its compounds (oxides, sulphides, carbides, nitrides, selenides, molybdates and molybdenum complexes) have a number of applications in alloys, catalysts, electrochromics, sensors, capacitors, batteries, solar cells and so on. Promising works on their nanostructures have been reported as a means to enhance the performance of materials. The present book is an edited volume on…
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Quick ViewIn the digital age, the field of machine learning has lived up to its promise of learning from and leveraging data in diverse fields, creating knowledge and driving decisions. This book intends to detail advances in the state-of-the-art in machine learning, one of the fastest emerging fields in the industry and one of the most…
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Quick ViewTropical deforestation and rural poverty are among the major apprehensions of developing nations in the 21st century. The protectionist paradigm that had dominated nature conservation since the 19th century is replaced by a strong notion that poverty reduction and environmental protection should go hand in hand. Decentralization is among the key polices devised to achieve…
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Quick ViewThis is a comprehensive textbook for teaching and learning C Programming language. Assuming no prior knowledge of programming languages on the part of the reader, this book contains a rich collection of solved examples and exercises to help one master the C programming language. (Imprint: Novinka )
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Quick ViewOptical Spectroscopy is an interdisciplinary science dedicated to generating and building knowledge in the field of spectroscopy and as a tool for practical investigations. This book has been elaborated for the use of specialists, students and young scientists interested in material characterization and direct investigation of various technological processes. As the title shows, the project…
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Quick ViewFish and seafood are widely available foods that provide important nutrients to consumers. Research conducted over the past few years suggests that there are health benefits associated with fish and seafood consumption, including for the cardiovascular and visual systems. It was also reported that such a diet increases protection in infants against arthritis or cancer.…
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Quick ViewEchinoderms play an important ecological role in marine communities, especially in relation to food chains, occupying diverse trophic levels such as herbivores, carnivores, detritivores and omnivores in the marine environment. These animals feed on many different kinds of food but the majority eat only small particles of edible matter suspended in the water or lying…
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Quick ViewChalcopyrite is the most abundant copper sulfide, the most recalcitrant to hydrometallurgical processing, and a good semiconductor with a wide variation in resistivity. The reactivity of chalcopyrite from different sources has been a controversial issue since the seventies. It is known that synthetic chalcopyrite is more reactive than natural samples. This book discusses the chemical…
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Quick ViewLocal road practitioners across the country play a critical role in addressing crash risks at the local level and may be able to identify the specific or unique conditions that contribute to crashes within their jurisdictions. The Local Road Safety Plan (LRSP) offers a foundation for consensus and focus. It defines key emphasis areas and…
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Quick ViewThe Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has not conducted a recent evaluation of demand for Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) toxicity assessments with input from users inside and outside EPA. The health effects information in IRIS provides fundamental scientific information EPA needs to develop human health risk assessments. Specifically, EPA issued a needs assessment report in…
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Quick ViewThe Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has implemented all of the recommendations GAO made in its May 2011 report to improve the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR) program. EPA’s UCMR program collects data on unregulated contaminants in the nation’s drinking water. EPA uses this data and other information to make decisions on whether to regulate additional…
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Quick ViewThis monograph is a summary of equipment, methodology and thin film growth experience obtained by the author during his 30 years of research work in the field of Integrated Circuit (IC) device technology. The monograph is concerned with the analysis of different aspects of different types of inorganic thin films grown by Chemical Vapor Deposition…
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Quick ViewWorks related to identification of harmful exhaust components from aviation engines have continued since the second half of the last century. These works focus on high-thrust turbine engines. For this, group testing and standardization procedures have been developed containing the admissible limits of exhaust components. Since 2007 works have been underway related to the identification…
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Quick ViewThe need for highly reliable and stable maneuvers for unmanned rotorcrafts (URs) class of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAVs) has increased morbidly for critical situations in real-time search-and-rescue operations for fast situational awareness (SA). A rotorcraft is a heavier-than-air flying machine that obtains its lift from rotors. SA is simply being aware of what is going…
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Quick ViewAlgorithms were always an important part of many branches in the sciences. In many manuals and handbooks, algorithms of problems of computational mathematics are focused on the manual performance or by means of a calculator. In this book, descriptions of algorithms, their solutions and main characteristics are discussed. The present work is the outcome of…
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Quick ViewAlgorithms were always an important part of many branches in the sciences. In many manuals and handbooks, algorithms of problems of computational mathematics are focused on the manual performance or by means of a calculator. In this book, descriptions of algorithms, their solutions and main characteristics are discussed. The present work is the outcome of…
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Quick ViewIn general, aquaculture and fish farming cause negative impacts on the environment and wild fish populations. One of the major problems is the escape of farmed fish, especially exotic species, which can alter the population dynamics and ecology of wild stocks. Therefore, the reduction or even extinction of natural stocks may occur through predation and/or…
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Quick ViewRadioactive material is used worldwide for legitimate commercial purposes, including industrial processes in the oil and gas, aerospace, and food sterilization sectors. Material used for these purposes is typically sealed in a metal capsule, such as stainless steel, titanium, or platinum, to prevent its dispersal and is commonly called a sealed source.1 Some of these…
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Quick ViewSince 2007, there have been four major airline mergers. As a result of this consolidation, about 85 percent of passengers in the U.S. flew on four domestic airlines in 2013. Certain industry observers have raised concerns that consolidation could have adverse effects on airline competition, such as higher airfares and reduced service. Others argue that…
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Quick ViewKnown as a scientific domain in which the scientist would try to extract information from chemical systems by data-driven means, Chemometrics is a fast spreading field, being applied to solve both descriptive and predictive problems in experimental life sciences, especially in chemistry. It is defined as a highly interfacial discipline, which employs multivariate statistics, applied…
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Quick ViewThe disparity between urban and rural motor vehicle fatalities in the U.S. is well documented in academic research and reports show discrepancy between urban and rural fatalities. However, despite the decline in overall motor vehicle fatalities, the difference between urban and rural fatality rates has stayed relatively consistent. Rural fatalities still account for over half…
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Quick ViewFractional calculus deals with extensions of derivatives and integrals to non-integer orders. It represents a powerful tool in applied mathematics to study a myriad of problems from different fields of science and engineering, with many break-through results found in mathematical physics, finance, hydrology, biophysics, thermodynamics, control theory, statistical mechanics, astrophysics, cosmology and bioengineering. This book…
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Quick ViewCyanobacteria are ubiquitous photoautotrophic prokaryotes commonly found in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Some can even thrive under immense oxidative stress in extreme environments, such as hot/cold deserts and hot springs. Formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cyanobacteria not only occurs in the respiratory metabolism, but are also involved in the receptor–side of the electron…
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Quick ViewThis book is intended for use as reference literature suitable for scientists, teachers, students, and others who are interested in leaf sweeteners that are currently employed in food and beverage industries. All chapters in this book have been written by scientists from related disciplines with a wide range of backgrounds. It is considered that the…
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Quick ViewAs a result of advanced oil drilling and extraction technologies (primarily horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing), crude oil production in the United States is growing and, according to Energy Information Administration (EIA) reference case projections, may reach 9.6 million barrels per day by 2019. Production of light tight oil (LTO) is, and is expected to…
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Quick ViewFish meal and fish oil are important components in the feeds for many farm-raised species, from pigs and poultry to farmed fish. As ingredients in aquaculture feed, fish meal and fish oil supply essential amino acids and fatty acids required for normal growth for cultured species, including carp, salmon, tilapia, trout, catfish, shrimp and others.…
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Quick ViewAlthough the concept of a fully automated driving system as envisioned under the Automated Highway System program has yet to be realized, technological advancements over the past decade have led to the emergence of advanced driver assistance systems and features such as Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC), collision warning, automatic braking, and lane-keeping assist systems. To…
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Quick ViewAccording to the National Research Council (NRC) and others, infrastructure such as roads and bridges, wastewater systems, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) centers are vulnerable to changes in the climate. Changes in precipitation and sea levels, as well as increased intensity and frequency of extreme events, are projected by NRC and others to…
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Quick ViewThe National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) is proposing to require event data recorders (EDRs)—widely referred to as “black boxes”—on all new passenger vehicles sold in the United States. Although over 90% of the new cars and light trucks sold in the United States already come with EDRs intended to capture information about the final…
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Quick ViewRestraint system technologies (e.g., air bags, seat belts, seats, etc.) are continually advancing and are a major contributor to mitigating crash fatalities and other related injuries. However, a significant number of crash injuries still occur, and efforts are ongoing to further improve restraint effectiveness. This book presents a summary of the work performed during the…
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Quick ViewThe importance of fats for humans, animals and plants lies in their high content of energy. In addition, fats allow humans and animals to consume fat-soluble vitamins and provide them with essential fatty acids (FAs), which are indispensable because their bodies are unable to synthesize themselves. Vegetable oils are used for many food and industrial…
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Quick ViewPolylactic acid (PLA) is a synthetic and biodegradable polymer. PLA can have important applications in tissue engineering as three-dimensional porous structures. Biodegradable polymers are used in medicine to replace and increase the volume of tissues, as tissue supports and also for controlled drug release. One of the most widely used biodegradable polymers is polylactic acid…
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Quick ViewThe book presents to the reader an interdisciplinary vision of microspheres including its concepts and applications. The book ranges from the preparation of microspheres using different methodologies (such as sol-gel processes) through different characterization techniques as well as the use of these systems for diagnostic diseases (cancer and hemodynamics fields). In addition, this book discusses…
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Quick ViewThe National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries agency is responsible for the management and stewardship of saltwater recreational fisheries in the U.S. With approximately 11.7 million saltwater recreational anglers in 2012, the agency needed to understand anglers’ attitudes, perceptions, and management preferences in order to provide and sustain high-quality recreational fishing opportunities to constituents.…
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Quick ViewForaminifera is a big group of unicellular eukaryotic organisms, mostly sea animals, having a level of complexity striking for unicellular organisms. It includes over 4,500 genera and about 40,000 species, mostly now extinct. Their usual size is about 0.5 mm but some giant forms may reach 17 to 20 cm. Their multi-chambered advanced forms with…
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Quick ViewThe Earth’s Beginning are lectures which were delivered in the Royal Institution of Great Britain. It considers the majestic subject of the evolution of the solar system of which our earth forms a part. The nebular theory discloses the beginning of this earth itself. It shows how the foundations of this solid earth have been…
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The paradigm of manufacturing is undergoing a major evolution throughout the world. The use of computers, the Internet and new challenges related to the Industry 4.0 have changed the way we engineer and manufacture products. Improving production with Lean Thinking is an evolution of a traditional approach in order to improve its processes to remain…
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In face of the increasingly obvious need to ensure the sustainability of the environment, alternative and renewable energy sources are no longer just the concern of environmentalists and have become commitments of governments virtually everywhere in the world. In this context, ethanol emerges as an excellent substitute for petroleum derivatives. This green alternative fuel is…
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Lobsters are marine decapod crustaceans belonging to a diverse array of taxa, many of which support major fisheries of great socioeconomic importance to human communities and play important roles in natural ecosystems. This book contains chapters describing studies of the larval biology, behavior and habitat preferences, and fisheries management of fished clawed and spiny lobster…
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Hemagglutinins refers to glycoproteins which bring about agglutination of erythrocytes or hemagglutination. Hemagglutination can be used to identify surface antigens on erythrocytes (with known antibodies) and, hence, the blood type of an individual. Hemagglutinins consist of lectins and antibodies. Lectins (from the Latin legere, “to select”) are non-immune glycoproteins that exhibit reversible binding to specific…
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