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Sliding mode control was first introduced in the 1950s. It is a nonlinear control technique with many unique properties. In this book, different aspects of SMC are explored. Chapters include new developments in research on a sliding mode governor for hydropower plants; integral sliding mode control (I-SMC) for a variable speed wind turbine system and…
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Exponential distribution is one of the most-used distributions in the theory and practice of statistics. It has several important properties like being memoryless and having a constant hazard rate. The field of characterization is developed in different branches of statistics and applied probability. Ordered random variables are common in various applications in practice. In this…
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Valorising Seaweed By-Products
$160.00Quick ViewValorising Seaweed By-Products is a book that has been divided into 9 chapters, including information on the recovery of highly valuable compounds for microalgae. The authors of this volume discuss seaweed as a renewable and globally available feedstock with potential applications in the food and feed industries, as well as the agricultural, chemical, or pharmaceutical…
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A variety of analytical techniques have been developed to determine the content of sugars in honey, such as spectroscopic, chromatographic, and electrochemical ones. In this collection, the authors present the cross-section of results on sugar composition, obtained by contemporary analytical methods used in honey authentication. The following chapter addresses how sago fronds can be used…
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In this compilation, the authors discuss the reactions of furans and formylfurans with aqueous hydrogen peroxide which are caused by peculiarities in the chemical behavior of these reagents, as well as their availability. It is known that the furan cycle can demonstrate properties of aromatic compounds, dienes and enoloethers depending on their structure and reaction…
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The Many Benefits of Lactic Acid Bacteria
Public Health in the 21st Century, Bacteriology Research Developments, Bacteriology, Biology, Life Sciences$230.00Quick ViewLactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are a heterologous group of microorganisms that have been isolated from numerous ecological niches, including fermented foods, plants, and the gastrointestinal tract of animals. Because of their “generally regarded as safe” status (GRAS), there has been great interest in using these microorganisms in food production, as probiotic microorganisms or as biotechnological…
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Sweet sorghum is a cereal that belongs to the species Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench. Although the crop is reportedly native to Africa, it is grown worldwide largely because it thrives well under wide rainfall, varied day lengths, and varied soil conditions and can tolerate varying degrees of biotic and abiotic factors and stresses. In Sweet…
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Friction Stir Welding (FSW): Advances in Research and Applications
Mechanical Engineering Theory and Applications, Steel, Materials Technology, Technology and Engineering$82.00Quick ViewThe opening chapter provides a comprehensive insight into dissimilar materials joined by FSW technology. FSW parameters such as tool design, tool pin offset, rotational speed, welding speed, tool tilt angle and position of workpiece material in the fixture for dissimilar materials are summarized. In the next chapter the author confirms the emission of particles in…
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In the last decade, we have seen spurring growth in academic and industrial interest in Raman spectroscopy and its modifications, in particular, Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS). This is evident by the number of SERS publications in the last decade, from 580 in 2005 to almost 2000 in 2014. There are now companies worldwide that are…
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Nearly all major roads and bridges in the United States are part of the federal-aid highway system and are therefore eligible for assistance from the Emergency Relief Program (ER) of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). ER assistance is restricted to roads and bridges on the federal aid highway system, which essentially includes all public roads…
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Before and after a disaster strikes, it may be helpful to understand the broad outlines of the national emergency management structure and where authority rests at various stages of the process. This book provides information that can aid policy makers as they navigate through the many levels of responsibility, and numerous policy pressure points, by…
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California’s Water Concerns: Agriculture, Drought, and Funding Issues
Water Resource Planning, Development and Management, Special Topics, Agriculture, Science and Technology$140.00Quick ViewIn California, the roughly 500-mile long Central Valley Project (CVP), one of the nation’s largest water projects, provides water for multiple uses, including irrigation; municipal supply; power generation; and fish and wildlife mitigation, protection, and restoration. Reclamation, which manages the CVP, must balance these competing interests for water, which is particularly important as California enters…
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The authors continue the book series ‘Contemporary Fundamental Physics’ through Nova Science Publishers. The editor is Professor Doctor V. V. Dvoeglazov from Universidad de Zacatecas, Mexico. The thematic issue, “Relativity, Gravitation, Cosmology: Foundations”, contains articles related to contemporary problems of modern physics. The book includes an editorial introduction and 10 chapters. The old problems are…
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Food products are produced and distributed worldwide, leading to very stringent regulations to guarantee food quality and safety. The authors of the first chapter of this book confirm strategies that work in food analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Furthermore, antioxidant activity is well-known to have a great deal of beneficial impacts on health due to…
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Wildfire Suppression: Federal Funding and Spending
Environmental Remediation Technologies, Regulations and Safety, Special Topics, Environmental Sciences$140.00Quick ViewThe federal government is responsible for managing wildfires that begin on federal lands—such as national forests or national parks—while the states are responsible for managing wildfires that originate on all other lands. The federal government’s wildfire management responsibilities—provided primarily through the Forest Service (FS) and Department of the Interior (DOI) — include prevention, detection, response,…
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Lifeline Telephone and Broadband Pilot Programs for Low-Income Households: Elements and Analyses
$140.00Quick ViewThe Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has made progress implementing reforms to the Lifeline Program (Lifeline), which reduces the cost of telephone service for eligible low-income households. Through FCC’s Lifeline program, companies provide discounts to eligible low-income households for telephone service. Lifeline supports these companies through the Universal Service Fund (USF). Companies generally pass their USF…
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The term “soliton” was coined only in 1965, to reflect the particle-like nature of solitary waves that remain intact even after mutual collisions. The book includes the latest developments in the field, including the main properties of erupting solids, considering the case of optical fiber systems described by the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation (CGLE); the propagation…
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The Department of Defense (DOD) has long relied on contractors to provide the U.S. military with a wide range of goods and services, including weapons, food, uniforms, and operational support. Without contractor support, the United States would be currently unable to arm and field an effective fighting force. Understanding costs and trends associated with contractor…
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In petroleum engineering, liquid nitrogen can be used to aid in fracturing the formation rock because of its extremely cryogenic temperature. With the development of new jet technology in recent years, liquid nitrogen is considered as a promising jet medium to exploit oil and gas. The first chapter of this book provides an impact pressure…
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This book provides readers with the latest developments in circular and linear dichroism research. Topics covered include the visible circular and linear magnetic dichroism in manganite thin films; the optical and energetic contributions of DNA secondary motifs to the trombin aptamer quadruplex and a review of the current theoretical understanding of the x-ray magnetic circular…
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This book provides readers with the latest developments in materials science research. Topics covered include research on the main achievements, drawbacks and applicable scope of two-dimensional layered crystals; polyethylene/sepiolite nanocomposites; the development of ultrasonic signal processing techniques for the testing of carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRP); analytical techniques for the characterization of historical building materials; precise…
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Local atmospheric simulations of real city neighborhoods are important to study for urban climate, thermal and wind comfort, and local air quality, including pollution hot spots such as tunnel heads, near a motorway or a busy crossing. When the wind is weak, the thermal and radiative effects become more important together with flow stratification that…
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Farm businesses’ debt-use decisions can affect their growth and survival, as well as the economic vitality of farm-dependent rural communities. Thus policymakers, agricultural lenders, and other farm-sector participants closely follow trends in farm debt. This book is a primer on the use of debt by U.S. farm businesses for policymakers, researchers, and others interested in…
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Desalination technologies utilize various forms of energy to produce freshwater. The first chapter of this book provides an exergy analysis of desalination systems. The second chapter provides an exergy analysis of the indoor environment and its impact on human thermal comfort in connection with temperature, heat and mass transfer. The third chapter reviews different studies…
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