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Quick ViewThis compilation opens with a comprehensive review of heavy metals involves the unifying theme of electron transfer (ET), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress (OS) applied to toxicity, which often arises from pollution. The beneficial effect of antioxidants (AOs) supports the participation of oxidative stress. ROS are examined for their application to illnesses such…
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Quick ViewThe Diversified Benefits of Cocoa and Chocolate presents the different available methodologies for analysis, quantification, isolation, purification, and structure elucidation of polyphenols in cocoa and cocoa-derived products are reviewed. Taking into account that there is evidence that demonstrates that the bioactivity of flavanols is significantly influenced by their stereochemical configuration, enantioselective methods have also been…
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Quick ViewIn this compilation, the authors address the relationship between carbonic anhydrase IX and hypoxia. Hypoxia is a key factor influencing a life-cycle of CA IX, including its expression, correct structure, stability, function, and subsequent biological implications. Hypoxia also regulates CA IX expression by post-transcriptional mechanisms through splicing and mRNA stabilization. A review is provided focusing…
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Quick ViewIn this collection, the most relevant aspects related to the synthesis, structure and physical properties of PDMS modified segmented copolymers and polymer networks are discussed, along with the influence of the structure and molecular weight of PDMS prepolymers and organic segments on the morphology, and properties of the copolymers and polymer networks based on PDMS.…
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Quick ViewActivated carbons have been found a large variety of applications in several fields, such as chromatography, medicine, gas storage and environmental protection, among others. Most of these applications requires tailored physical-chemistry properties, regarding purity, particles shape, mechanical resistance, homogeneity, surface composition, specific surface area and porosity. Because of their especial properties, activated carbons have attracted…
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Quick ViewIn this collection, the authors present a new theoretical approach free from limitations of perturbation theory for calculating atomic emission spectra in an alternating electric field. The following problems are studied for the emission spectrum of helium: dependences of the AC Stark effect, transition probabilities and spectral line intensities on the electric field parameters, reasons…
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Quick ViewIn this compilation, the authors review the structural basis of PKC isozymes and focus on the C1 domain, as well as the plausible binding mechanisms of its activators. Additionally, the recent molecular dynamics simulation studies of how phorbol esters or bryostatin bind to the activator pocket are described and some of the key amino acid…
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Quick ViewIn this book, the authors examine retinoic acid and how it plays important role in a wide range of biological processes including proliferation and differentiation especially epithelial tissues. The mechanism of actions of retinoic acid in human keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts are reviewed, as well as its clinical use in dermatological treatments. Next, the control…
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Quick ViewFood Packaging and Preservation: Techniques, Applications and Technology begins by presenting recent advances in the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry determination of organic food-packaging contaminants. Coverage of all kind of applications is beyond the scope of the present contribution, so the authors focus on the most relevant applications published including sample treatment, determination and confirmation strategies, as…
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Quick ViewIn this compilation, the authors comprehensively investigate SOD effects in the homeostasis of mammal endometrium, using available information on several species and their team experience relating to the topic. In addition, they also address its role in endometrial integrity and some uterine clinical conditions and infertility. The current knowledge of plant SODs, their abiotic-stress modulated…
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Quick ViewWater pollution by organic dyestuffs is a major environmental issue to be addressed, given the strong negative impact of such molecules due to both their direct toxicity and that of their derivatives. As such, there is a growing interest regarding possible implementation of advanced oxidation processes in conventional wastewater treatments. Following this, the process of…
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Quick ViewCarboxymethylcellulose (CMC), also known as cellulose gum, is manufactured by the chemical synthesis of naturally-derived cellulose with chloroacetic acid. The multifunctional aspects of this product make it favorable for use as a key intermediate or ingredient in several applications. Furthermore, CMC is incorporated as a binding, thickening, stabilizing, emulsifying, suspending, sizing and coating agent in…
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Quick ViewCarboxymethylcellulose (CMC), also known as cellulose gum, is manufactured by the chemical synthesis of naturally-derived cellulose with chloroacetic acid. The multifunctional aspects of this product make it favorable for use as a key intermediate or ingredient in several applications. Furthermore, CMC is incorporated as a binding, thickening, stabilizing, emulsifying, suspending, sizing and coating agent in…
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Quick ViewIn this compilation, the authors review pre-analytical procedures, as well as analytical conditions, to determine melatonin in both biological and non-biological samples. Several procedures for the extraction of melatonin have been described, including ultrasound-assisted extraction, liquid–liquid extraction, and solid phase extraction. Following this, a study is presented wherein melatonin administration in middle-age rats was able…
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Quick ViewThis book opens with a discussion on the syntheses of acyclic polyketides by using epoxide opening reactions. The stereoselective epoxidations of allylic alcohols, including catalytic asymmetric epoxidation reactions and stereospecific reactions due to substrate-control, are described shortly. Afterwards, different epoxide opening reactions and applications in natural product synthesis are reviewed. The authors highlight the recent…
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Quick ViewInformation has always been an important input for agribusiness, both in production and marketing. With the growth in size, competitiveness and, consequently, the complexity of worldwide agribusiness in recent years, knowledge has become an even more essential tool. More recent research has shown that knowledge generated by experimental studies becomes important for the formulation of…
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Quick ViewDue to the limitation of the electrical OFDM signal and electrical Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), all-optical OFDMs have recently received much attention. Accordingly, this research study was conducted to investigate the effect of phase noise in the performance of an all-optical OFDM transmission system with 4-point FFT single mode fiber (SMF) links by considering the…
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Quick ViewBasic problems concerning the computer simulation of liquid metals in usual and extreme conditions with the use of interparticle potentials, mainly multi-particle potentials of the embedded atom model are considered in the book. The general questions of a structure of simple liquids, and the methods of simulation of non-crystalline systems (liquid and amorphous) – a…
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Quick ViewLignin has been used as a proxy to study biogeochemical processes and transportation of land derived carbon from land to lakes, rivers, coastal areas and deep marine environments. The literature of such a topic is vast, however, there are few applications of lignin molecular biogeochemistry for reconstructing paleovegetation and climate changes (e.g., the lignin phenol…
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Quick ViewThis collection presents recent results related to the synthesis, modification and characterization of triphenylamine oligomers and polymers by electrochemical methods, in particular Cyclic Voltammetry (CV). The modification by electrochemical methods of oligomers containing TPA as pendants groups, generating electroactive cross-linked networks accompanied by colour changes with high coloration efficiency is also discussed. Next, the authors…
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Quick ViewAlpha-fetoprotein (AFP) has many applications across various disciplines. This oncofetal protein is routinely used by clinicians for antenatal testing as well for the screening and treatment monitoring of certain malignances. Innovative research using AFP has also been very promising. Recent developments include the use of AFP or its recombinant fragments for drug delivery to cancer…
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Quick ViewBioctive peptides are small peptides composed of between 3 to 20 amino acid residues. Plant and animal food proteins are a source of a big number of bioactive peptides. These peptides have different uses within the pharmaceutical, medical, cosmetic, and food industries. In science literature, peptides from food proteins are reported to have biological activities…
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Quick ViewHeat conduction plays an important role in energy transfer at the macro, micro and nano scales. This book collates research results developed by scientists from different countries but with common research interest in the modelling of heat conduction problems. The results reported encompass heat conduction problems related to the Stefan problem, phase change materials related…
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Quick ViewAdvances in Chemistry Research. Volume 45 opens by discussing edible mushrooms, an interesting source of valuable compounds including sterols, fatty acids, carbohydrates, dietary fibers, vitamins, proteins, phenolic compounds, minerals and specific bioactive molecules. Conventional extraction methods using water or organic solvents, enzymes or physical treatments have been used for decades to recover different mushroom constituents.…
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Quick ViewThis book provides an overview of essential oils in its first section, describing the main genera of plants used for essential oil production and explaining their genetic polymorphisms that might have an impact on the biosynthesis of these phytochemicals. Also, this book reviews the most relevant background on traditional and emerging extractive technologies, as well…
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Quick ViewCrystal structures and their associated electronic features play an enormous role in chemistry, constituting the most fundamental basis for analyzing and predicting properties of solid-state materials. In Crystal Structure: Properties, Characterization and Determination, the authors begin by discussing some of the refining models and X-ray data treatments for single-crystals containing heavy atoms, such as transition…
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Quick ViewIn 1912, Louis-Camille Maillard, a French physician and chemist, accidentally discovered the formation of yellow-brown color compounds when he heated sugars and amino acids together with water—or the Maillard reaction. Since then, Maillard reaction has received wide attention and has been extensively studied in the fields of food and medicine. The authors open this collection…
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Quick ViewCellulose Acetate: Properties, Uses and Preparation presents data on thermodynamic characteristics (heat capacity, enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs function) from 4 to 580 K cellulose acetates and cellulose nitrates, as well as the major plasticizers for these polymers, the temperatures of their relaxation and phase transitions, the effect of plasticizers on these characteristics of cellulose acetate…
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Quick ViewThe aim of this book is to present original data and comprehensive reviews of state-of-the-art work that advance our understanding of solution chemistry in diverse fields, authored by the diverse experts. The first two chapters address advances in solubility measurements. The first chapter provides the experimental data and thermodynamic modeling regarding solubilities of uraninite [UO2(cr)],…
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Quick ViewInformation has always been an important input for agribusiness, both in production and marketing. With the growth in size, competitiveness and, consequently, the complexity of worldwide agribusiness in recent years, knowledge has become an even more essential tool. More recent research has shown that knowledge generated by experimental studies becomes important for the formulation of…
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Quick ViewX-Ray Fluorescence: Technology, Performance and Applications opens with a study wherein the possibilities of polarizing energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry were fully explored to materialize rapid trace element determinations of various geological samples. The pressed powder pellet technique was adopted for sample preparation because of its simplicity. Following this, the authors provide a synthesis of…
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Quick ViewThe production, consumption and appreciation of food are among the most important and fundamental aspects of life. The supply of nutritious and safe food is pivotal to societal wellbeing and stability, as well as to personal happiness. Revolutions in agriculture, in food processing and in understanding of the priorities of consumers have enabled us to…
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Quick ViewFlour: Production, Varieties and Nutrition is divided into fifteen chapters. The prestigious authors of this book discuss traditional and alternative flours for different application fields, covering a broad range of gluten and novel gluten-free flours. The fifteen chapters include discussions on a wide range of topics such as gluten-containing flours versus alternative gluten-free flours; burdock…
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Quick ViewIn recent decades, the science of gas separation by use of a nanoporous permselective membrane has widely developed due to properties such as low energy consumption, easy operation, low waste generation and economic benefits. In Gas Separation: Techniques, Applications and Effects, the fundamental concepts of membrane gas separation and the formation of nanoporous membranes are…
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Quick ViewOver the last few years, there has been a growing interest in the development of sustainable processes for large-scale production of commodities. As such, Alcohol Oxidation: Reaction, Effects and Applications addresses recent developments in metal-catalyzed selective oxidation reactions of alcohols to carbonyl-containing compounds under unconventional conditions. Following this, the authors examine how simple alcohols have…
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Quick ViewThe opening review included in The Pineapple: Production, Utilization and Nutritional Properties discusses the fundamental and applied aspects related to production of aroma compounds in pineapple fruit. Using different isolation techniques (vacuum distillation, simultaneous distillation-extraction, solvent extraction, dynamic headspace and headspace solid phase-microextraction), the volatile compounds are analyzed in conjunction, mainly with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.…
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Quick ViewConventional sample preparation techniques like solid phase extraction and liquid-liquid extraction prove to be tedious, time-consuming and oftentimes cumbersome. As a result, new sample techniques have been developed based on the two methods to optimize solvent consumption, miniaturize extraction and decrease environmental impact. In Solid-Phase Extraction: Procedure, Applications and Effects, the authors explore the recent…
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Quick ViewThe topics analyzed cover a broad spectrum of lipid droplets and presents new information in this area of research. The themes analyzed include: lipid droplets as potential antiviral targets; lipid droplets during embryonic development; lipid droplets and their contribution to vldl and chylomicron maturation; important advances in the knowledge of lipid droplets in the last…
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Quick ViewRecently for the prevention and treatment of many neurologic, metabolic and other chronic diseases, the focus has shifted from allopathic Western medicine to alternative and complementary medicine in many countries including the United States of America. In fact, some dietary supplements including herbs, vegetables, nuts and fruits have demonstrated promising outcomes in improving human health.…
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Quick ViewSmart polymer materials represent an exciting range of novel materials for advanced applications such as aeronautics and biomedical devices. These materials are able to sustain any external stimuli including temperature, pH, electric and magnetic fields and response in an adaptive and proportional manner to this environmental change. Two main categories of smart materials are able…
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Quick ViewPerhaps there is no other drink in the world that would honor billions of people and have such a mystical nature than wine. Since ancient times, wine was considered as a drink of the gods; only water and a mother’s milk can be compared in importance and longevity with this sacred drink. However, neither archeologists…
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Quick ViewTritium, 3H (T), is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen. Naturally occurring tritium is rare on Earth, where trace amounts are formed by the interaction of the atmosphere with cosmic rays. Once formed in the stratosphere, the tritium atoms have a large amount of kinetic energy. At a pressure lower than atmospheric, they react with the…
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Quick ViewThis book, written by Charles Herman Senn (1864-1934) and originally published in 1915, brings the old recipes and techniques of cooking from during the war. It provides a unique window into peoples’ lives and how they survived during the war. The book is broken down into the following sections: • Recipes for Soups • Fish…
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Quick ViewPolymers have generated considerable interest in a large number of technologically important fields such as human healthcare systems. Polymers represent a very important domain of materials and have become an integral part of day to day human life. Polymers exist in nature; they have been and continue to be an integral part of the universe.…
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Quick ViewThe interaction between drugs and food is an increasingly relevant topic in clinical practice. There are numerous possibilities for interactions between drugs and food, often unknown or ignored by both health professionals and patients. The success of the care given to each patient depends, to a large extent, on the knowledge regarding the risks of…
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Quick ViewThis book compiles technical, chemical and nutritional information in regards to the main species of the Theobroma genus, T. cacao and T. grandiflorum. The use of Theobroma cacao processing residues (pod and bean husks) as organic fertilizers, ingredients for animal feeding, sources of enzymes, fiber, hydrocolloids, and antioxidants, industrial biosorbents, and polymers for foams to…
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