Science and Technology
NOVA publishes a wide array of books from authors around the globe. We invite you to browse our site for subjects of particular interest.
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Quick ViewFourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy applies the principle that molecular vibrations can absorb infrared radiation in the range of the electromagnetic radiation. This book discusses methods and provides new research on FTIR. Chapter One reviews the advances in the analysis of biological systems by means of FTIR spectroscopy. Chapter Two studies the last advances of…
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Quick ViewEstablished by Congress as an amendment to the Clean Air Act, the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) mandates that U.S. transportation fuel contain a minimum volume of renewable fuel. The mandated minimum volume increases annually and must be met using both conventional biofuel (e.g., cornstarch ethanol) and advanced biofuel (e.g., cellulosic ethanol). For a renewable fuel…
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Quick ViewThis book examines the most up-to-date research in the agricultural field. The first chapter discusses growing techniques for raspberry plants suitable for subtropical areas. Chapter Two presents current information on raspberries postharvest technology and the main nutritional characteristics, composition in terms of macro and micronutrients, as well as the most abundant bioactive compounds in this…
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Quick ViewPolyphenolic compounds are part of a division of secondary metabolites with high antioxidant capacity, found naturally in most edible and inedible plants. These compounds are responsible for pigmentation and plants defense of pathogens agents. Its molecular structure includes phenolic hydroxyl groups and aromatic rings. Polyphenols are increasingly studied because of the benefits to human health,…
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Quick ViewCurrently, the management of solid waste represents a major economic and environmental issue throughout the world. Trends in waste generation show an increase in the volumes of waste produced in most countries and it is clear that the trend will continue. The treatment and disposal of solid waste involves a range of processes including landfill,…
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Quick ViewTitanium and its alloys are among the most important materials with a wide range of applications. Titanium and its alloy offer a good combination of properties, such as low density, high strength-to-weight ratio, good biocompatibility, and excellent corrosion resistance. These excellent properties make Titanium and its alloys the favourite of many industries that ranges between,…
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Quick ViewRenewable energy is contributing significantly to fulfill the continuously increasing energy demand of the world. Research in the field of renewable energy has to play a vital role if the potential of renewable energy is to be fully exploited. This book is intended to explore some recent developments in the field of these renewable energy…
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Quick ViewThe term ‘lagoon’ is derived from the Italian laguna, which originally referred to the waters around Venice but currently denotes a variety of geomorphologically and ecologically defined systems, including atoll lagoons and coastal lagoons. While the former are restricted to tropical latitudes, coastal lagoons are common features of the coasts of all continents, occurring, as…
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Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) is a pseudocereal of Andean origin that is becoming more and more popular in Europe, Asia and the United States of America because it is a good source of different nutrients, rich in antioxidant compounds and it offers an alternative to classical cereals in celiac diet because its seeds are gluten-free.…
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Quick ViewThe world’s six flamingo species are among the most beautiful and iconic animals on Earth. Indeed, the much beloved flamingo is a popular attraction at zoos around the globe, and has become a cultural phenomenon as well, being displayed proudly on the lawns of many suburban homes as well as being featured prominently in works…
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Quick ViewThis book provides new research on the advances and applications of virtual reality (VR) in the medical field. Chapter One extends the notion of using virtual simulation to be the best alternative for surgical skills education and summarizes its key contributions to train future surgeons. Chapter Two reviews the most useful advances in the use…
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Quick ViewAnimal welfare science has advanced greatly in the last several decades. This trend is also evident in the zoo and aquarium community, where resources are increasingly being dedicated to better understanding how captivity impacts animals and how best to assess and improve the welfare of individual animals living in the care of humans. In this…
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Quick ViewExperts broadly agree that stabilizing greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in the atmosphere to avoid dangerous GHG-induced climate change could be accomplished only with concerted efforts by all large emitting nations. Toward this purpose, delegations of 195 nations adopted the Paris Agreement (PA) on December 12, 2015. The PA outlines goals and a structure for international…
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Quick ViewA mileage-based road user charge would involve assessing owners of individual vehicles on a per-mile basis for the distance the vehicle is driven. Currently, federal highway and public transportation programs are funded mainly by motor fuel tax receipts that flow into the Highway Trust Fund (HTF). The tax rates, set on a per-gallon basis, have…
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Cellulose is the most important and naturally abundant organic biopolymer in the biosphere. It is the basic structural component of plant cell walls. Cellulose based materials have been utilized by our society as engineering materials for thousands of years and their use continues today as verified by the enormity of the worldwide industries. In recent…
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This research aims to make an original and advanced contribution to state-of-the-art sky models. It focuses on high-resolution sky radiance and luminance models given their essential importance in a host of scientific and engineering applications. For example, improved sky radience and luminance models can be used to improve the design and operation of energy-efficient and…
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Quick ViewRecent international negotiations and domestic policy developments have generated interest in current and projected U.S. greenhouse gas (GHG) emission levels. GHG emissions are generated throughout the United States from millions of discrete sources. Of the GHG source categories, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuel combustion account for the largest percentage (76%) of total U.S.…
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Quick ViewThis book provides new research on the production, consumption and health benefits of chocolate. Chapter One discusses chocolate as an important carrier of trace elements, and helps to overcome trace element deficiencies, particularly, if ingestion of vegetables, dairy products and wholemeal bread is too low. Chapter Two shows the crystallization characteristics of cocoa butter by…
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Quick ViewThe National Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s (NHTSA) mission is to save lives, prevent injuries, and reduce the economic costs due to traffic crashes. As such, NHTSA is responsible for overseeing vehicle safety, a task made more challenging by the increasingly complex electronics and software used in today’s vehicles. NHTSA’s oversight faces greater scrutiny after a…
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Quick ViewThe need for germplasm banks that safeguard the vegetable genetic resources is more than justified by the genetic erosion aggravated in the last few decades, not only in the cultivars, but also in traditional landraces and wild relatives. Topics discussed in this book include the germplasm of melons, woodland grapes, sweet and sour cherries, soybean,…
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Quick ViewSaponins are surfactive compounds that are widely distributed in nature, occurring primarily in the plant kingdom. Plants that produce saponins generally accumulate these metabolites as part of their development, which can be influenced by several environmental factors, such as nutrient and water availability, light irradiation and/or a combination of these factors. In this book, Chapter…
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Quick ViewThis book provides new research on the design, applications and research insights of heterogeneous catalysts. Chapter One discusses the assembly of nanocatalytic structures by the molecular layer epitaxy method. Chapter Two presents a comprehensive review of different solid acids used for biodiesel synthesis. Chapter Three examines process optimization of refined palm oil biodiesel production using…
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Quick ViewCaspases are proteases that are responsible for the initiation and execution of cell death pathways in developmental, inflammatory and pharmacological paradigms. Caspase activity is required for the execution of apoptotic cell death through the proteolytic cleavage of approximately one thousand substrates that result in the apoptotic phenotype. This book provides new research and discusses the…
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Quick ViewThis book provides new research on the patterns, functions and roles in disease of DNA methylation. Chapter One studies the disruption of DNA methylation patterns caused by exposure to environmental factors during the developmental period. Chapter Two presents transcriptional regulation by cytosine modifications through a broad concept of molecular sciences in physics, chemistry and biology,…
